Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T04:57:39.108Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The quantitative requirement for α-tocopherol by juvenile African catfish, Clarias gariepinus Burchell

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2010

R. T. M. Baker
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA
S. J. Davies
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth PL4 8AA
Get access

Abstract

Employing practical-type diets containing graded levels of all-rac-α-tocopheryl acetate (0, 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 or 100 mg/kg), the quantitative requirement for a-tocopherol by juvenile African catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell) was investigated. Diets, defined with respect to selenium, fatty acid and ascorbate inclusion, were offered for 12 weeks during which catfish grew from 10 g to 120 g. Dietary regime had no significant effect on growth (P > 0·05), although haematocrit values increased with increasing tocopherol dose above 15 mg/kg (assayed) (R2 = 0·71, P < 0·05). Tissue accretion of the vitamin increased concomitant with dietary dose (P < 0·001). Employing a colorimetric assay for thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) it was evident that concentration ofTBARS in muscle and liver reflected tissue oxidation status, in that elevated dietary vitamin E resulted in decreased assayed TBARS (P < 0·05). By broken-line analysis the requirement for this species to suppress lipid peroxidation was estimated as 30 to 40 mg all-rac-a-tocopheryl acetate per kg dry diet and this agrees with published requirements of many fish species.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1997

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aoe, H., Abe, I., Saito, T., Fukawa, H. and Koyama, H. 1972. Preventive effect of tocols on muscular dystrophy of young carp. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries 38:845851.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1990. Official methods of analysis, 15th edition (ed. Helrich, K.). Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington Virginia.Google Scholar
Baker, R. T. M. and Davies, S. J. 1995. The effect of pyridoxine supplementation on dietary protein utilization in gilthead seabream fry. Animal Science 60:157162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, R. T. M. and Davies, S. J. 1996a. Changes in tissue a-tocopherol status and degree of lipid peroxidation with varying a-tocopheryl acetate inclusion in diets for the African catfish. Aquaculture Nutrition 2: 7179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, R. T. M. and Davies, S. J. 1996b. Oxidative nutritional stress associated with feeding oxidised oils to African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) and the protective role of α-tocopherol. Aquaculture Research 27: 795803.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, R. T. M. and Davies, S. J. 1997. Muscle and hepatic fatty acid profiles and α-tocopherol status in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fed diets varying in oxidative state and vitamin E inclusion level. Animal Science 64:187195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boggio, S. M., Hardy, R. W., Babbitt, J. K. and Brannon, E. L. 1985. The influence of dietary lipid source and atocopheryl acetate level on product quality of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Aquaculture 51:1324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buttriss, J. L. and Diplock, A. T. 1984. High-performance liquid chromatography for vitamin E in tissues. Methods in Enzymology 105:131147.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cowey, C. B., Adron, J. W., Walton, M. J., Murray, J., Youngson, A. and Knox, D. 1981. Tissue distribution, uptake, and requirement for α-tocopherol of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) fed diets with a minimal content of unsaturated fatty acids. Journal of Nutrition 111: 15561567.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cowey, C. B., Degener, E., Tacon, A. G. J., Youngson, A. and Bell, J. G. 1984. The effect of vitamin E and oxidized fish oil on the nutrition of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) grown at natural, varying water temperatures. British Journal of Nutrition 51:443451.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Degani, G., Ben-Zvi, Y. and Levanon, D. 1988. The relationship between body size and growth of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) (Burchell, 1822). Indian Journal of Fisheries 35: 207210.Google Scholar
Duthie, G. G., Arthur, J. R., Nicol, F. and Walker, M. 1989. Increased indices of lipid peroxidation in the stress susceptible pigs and effect of vitamin E. Research in Veterinary Science 46: 226230.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hamre, K. and Lie, O. 1995. Miniumum requirement of vitamin E for Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., at first feeding. Aquaculture Research 26: 175184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haylor, G. 1990. African catfish shows promise as a farmed species. Fish Farmer 13:3637.Google Scholar
Hung, S. S. O., Cho, C. Y. and Slinger, S. J. 1980. Measurement of oxidation of fish oil and its effect on vitamin E nutrition of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 37: 12481253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hung, S. S. O., Cho, C. Y. and Slinger, S. J. 1981. Effect of oxidized fish oil, DL-α-tocopheryl acetate and ethoxyquin supplementation on the vitamin E nutrition of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) fed practical diets. Journal of Nutrition 111: 648657.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lovell, R. T., Miyazaki, T. and Rabegnator, S. 1984. Requirement for a-tocopherol by channel catfish fed diets low in polyunsaturated triglycerides. Journal of Nutrition 114: 894901.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moccia, R. D., Hung, S. S. O., Slinger, S. J. and Ferguson, H. W. 1984. Effect of oxidised fish oil, vitamin E and ethoxyquin on the histopathology and haematology of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson. Journal of Fish Diseases 7: 269282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murai, T. and Andrews, J. W. 1974. Interactions of dietary α-tocopherol, oxidized menhaden oil and ethoxyquin on channel catfish. Journal of Nutrition 104: 14161431.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
National Research Council. 1993. Nutrient requirements of fish. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Poston, H. A., Combs, G. F. Jr and Leibovitz, L. 1976. Vitamin E and selenium interactions in the diet of atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): gross, histological and biochemical deficiency signs. Journal of Nutrition 106: 892904.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roem, A. J., Kohler, C. C. and Stickney, R. R. 1990. Vitamin E requirements of the blue tilapia, Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner), in relation to dietary lipid level. Aquaculture 87: 155164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Satoh, S., Takeuchi, T. and Watanabe, T. 1987. Requirement of Tilapia for a-tocopherol. Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi 53:119124.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steel, R. G. D. and Torrie, J. H. 1960. Principles and procedures of statistics: a biometric approach, second edition. McGraw Hill, New York.Google Scholar
Watanabe, T., Takashima, R.Ogino, C. and Hibiya, T. 1970a. Effects of α-tocopherol deficiency on carp. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries 36:623630.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watanabe, T., Takashima, F., Ogino, C. and Hibiya, T. 1970b. Requirement of young carp for α-tocopherol. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries 36: 972976.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watanabe, T., Takeuchi, T., Matsui, M., Ogino, C. and Kawabata, T. 1977. Effect of α-tocopherol deficiency on carp. VII. The relationship between dietary levels of linoleate and α-tocopherol requirement. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries 43: 935946.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watanabe, T., Takeuchi, T. and Wada, M. 1981. Dietary lipid levels and α-tocopherol requirement of carp. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries 47:15851590.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, R. P., Bowser, P. R. and Poe, W. E. 1984. Dietary vitamin E requirement of fingerling channel catfish. Journal of Nutrition 114:20532058.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed