Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-08T07:26:45.241Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Influence of level of maize cob meal on nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in Large White, Mukota and LW × M F1 crossbred pigs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 August 2016

A.T. Kanengoni
Affiliation:
University of Zimbabwe, Faculty of Veterinary of Science, Department of Paraclinical Veterinary Studies, PO Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
K. Dzama*
Affiliation:
University of Zimbabwe, Faculty of Veterinary of Science, Department of Paraclinical Veterinary Studies, PO Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
M. Chimonyo
Affiliation:
University of Zimbabwe, Faculty of Veterinary of Science, Department of Paraclinical Veterinary Studies, PO Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
J. Kusina
Affiliation:
University of Zimbabwe, Department of Animal Science, PO Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
S.M. Maswaure
Affiliation:
Specialised Animal Feed Company, PO Box ST324 Southerton, Harare, Zimbabwe
*
Corresponding author; e-mail [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

A study was conducted to compare the digestibility of organic matter (OM), neutral-detergent fibre (NDF), acid-detergent fibre (ADF), hemicellulose and nitrogen (N) and N balance in Mukota (M), Large White (LW) and the LW × M F1 pigs. Four male pigs of each breed, at proportionately 0·3 of their mature body weights, were randomly allocated to each of four diets in a cross-over design. The diets, which were formulated to contain similar levels of protein (ca. 160 g crude protein per kg) and energy (ca. 9 MJ metabolizable energy per kg), contained 0, 100, 200 and 300 g maize cob meal per kg, which corresponded to NDF levels of 276·4, 360·3, 402·9 and 523·5 g/kg dry matter, respectively. There was a negative correlation (P < 0·001) between the digestibility of OM, NDF, ADF and hemicellulose and the level of NDF in the diet. The digestibility of OM, NDF, ADF and hemicellulose decreased linearly (P < 0·05) with increase in the level of NDF among all three genotypes. There was a genotype × diet interaction on NDF and ADF digestibilities with digestibility in the LW decreasing faster (P < 0·05) than in the Mukota and LW × M F1 cross with increasing NDF. Both breed and level of maize cob meal affected N digestibility (P < 0·001), whilst the N retained per unit metabolic body weight was only affected by diet (P < 0·01). Increasing the level of maize cob meal beyond 100 g/kg, however, did not reduce N digestibility (P < 0·05). There was neither genotype nor dietary effect (P > 0·05) on N retained per unit N intake. These findings showed that the Mukota and the LW × M F1 cross were better able to digest the fibrous components than the LW. In addition, the Mukota and the LW × M F1 cross displayed an ability to retain protein to the same extent as the LW.

Type
Non-ruminant nutrition, behaviour and production
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 2002

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agricultural Research Council. 1981. The nutrient requirement of pigs. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough, England.Google Scholar
Andersson, C. and Lindberg, J. E. 1997. Forages in diets for growing pigs. 1. Nutrient apparent digestibilities and partition of nutrient digestion in barley-based diets including lucerne and white-clover meal. Animal Science 65: 483491.Google Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1994. Official methods of analysis, 15th edition. Association of Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA.Google Scholar
Chigaru, P. R. N., Maundura, L. and Holness, D. H. 1981. Comparative growth, FCE and carcass composition of indigenous and Large White pigs. Zimbabwe Journal of Agricultural Research 19: 3136.Google Scholar
Close, W. H. 1993. Fibrous diets for pigs. In Animal production in developing countries (ed. Gill, M., Owen, E., Pollott, G.E. and Lawrence, T.L.J.), British Society of Animal Production occasional publication no. 16, pp. 107117.Google Scholar
Dzikiti, T. B. and Marowa, H. Z. 1997. An investigation of the alimentary tract of the Zimbabwean indigenous pig (Mukota). BVSc dissertation, University of Zimbabwe.Google Scholar
Ehle, F. R., Jeraci, J. L., Robertson, J. B. and Van Soest, P. J. 1982. The influence of dietary fibre on digestibility, rate of passage and gastrointestinal fermentation in pigs. Journal of Animal Science 55: 10711081.Google Scholar
Fevrier, C., Bourdon, D. and Aumaitre, A. 1992. Effects of dietary fibre from wheat bran on digestibility of nutrients, digestive enzymes and performance in the European Large White and Chinese Mei Shan pig. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 68: 6072.Google Scholar
Frank, G. R., Aherne, F. X. and Jensen, A. H. 1983. A study of the relationship between performance and dietary component digestibility by swine fed different levels of fibre. Journal of Animal Science 57: 645654.Google Scholar
Fuller, M. F. 1991. Methodologies for the measurement of digestion. In Digestive physiology in pigs (ed. Verstegen, M. W. A., Huisman, J. and L. A. den Hartog, ), pp. 273288. Pudoc, Wageningen.Google Scholar
Holness, D. H. 1991. The tropical agriculturalist — pigs (ed. Coste, R. and Smith, A.J.), pp. 2348. Macmillan Education Limited, Wageningen, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Jorgensen, H., Zhao, X. and Eggum, B. O. 1996. The influence of dietary fibre and environmental temperature on the development of the gastrointestinal tract, digestibility, degree of fermentation in the hind gut and energy metabolism in pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 75: 365378.Google Scholar
Just, A. 1980. Factors influencing energy losses during metabolism – faecal losses. Proceedings of the 31st annual meeting of the European Association for Animal Production, Munich, pp. 15.Google Scholar
Just, A. 1982. The influence of ground barley straw on the net energy value of feeds for growth in pigs. Livestock Production Science 9: 717729.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Just, A., Jorgensen, H. and Fernandez, J. A. 1981. The digestive capacity of the caecum-colon and the value of the nitrogen absorbed from the hindgut for protein synthesis in pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 46: 209219.Google Scholar
Kemp, B., Hartog, L. A.den, Klok, J. J. and Zandstra, T. 1991. The digestibility of nutrients, energy and nitrogen in the Meishan and Dutch Landrace pig. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 65: 263266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kennelly, J. J. and Aherne, F. X. 1980. The effect of fibre in diets formulated to contain different levels of energy and protein on digestibility coefficients of swine. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 60: 717726.Google Scholar
Laswai, G. H., Ocran, J. N., Lekule, F. P. and Sundstol, F. 1997. Effects of dietary inclusion of leucaena leaf meal with and without ferrous sulphate on the digestibility of dietary components and growth of pigs over the weight range 20-60 kg. Animal Feed Science Technology 65: 4557.Google Scholar
Lekule, F. P., Sarwatt, S. V. and Kifaro, G. C. 1990. The role, performance and potential of indigenous local pigs in developing countries. Proceedings of the Tanzanian Society of Animal Production, vol. 17, pp. 410.Google Scholar
Lizardo, R., Peiniau, Jany and Aumaitre, A. 1997. Inclusion of sugar-beet pulp and change of protein source in the diet of the weaned piglet and their effects on digestive performance and enzymatic activities. Animal Feed Science Technology 66: 114.Google Scholar
Miller, B. G., James, P. S., Smith, M. W. and Bourne, F. J. 1986. Effect of weaning on the capacity of pig intestinal villi to digest and absorb nutrients. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 107: 579589.Google Scholar
Ndindana, W., Dzama, K., Maswaure, S. and Ndiweni, P. N. B. 2001. Evaluation of fibre digestibility and performance of growing indigenous and exotic pigs fed maize-based diets with graded levels of maize cobs. Animal Feed Science and Technology In press.Google Scholar
Potkins, Z. V., Lawrence, T. L. J. and Thomlinson, J. R. 1984. Studies on the effects of composition and physical form of the diet on gastric abnormalities and nutrient utilization in the growing pig. Animal Production 38: 354 (abstr. ).Google Scholar
Sandoval, R. A., Nielsen, T. K. and Sorensen, P. H. 1987. Effects of fibre on nutrient digestion and time of passage in growing pigs. Acta Agriculturæ Scandinavica 37: 367373.Google Scholar
Stanogias, G. and Pearce, G. R. 1985. The digestion of fibre by pigs. 1. The effects of amount and type of fibre on apparent digestibility, nitrogen balance and rate of passage. British Journal of Nutrition 53: 513530.Google Scholar
Statistical Analysis Systems Institute. 1998. User’s guide: statistics, version 6, 10th edition. SAS institute, Cary, NC.Google Scholar
Van Soest, P. J. 1963a. Use of detergents in the analyses of fibrous feeds. 1. Preparation of fibre residues of low nitrogen content. Journal of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemistry 46: 825828.Google Scholar
Van Soest, P.J. 1963b. Use of detergents in the analyses of fibrous feeds. II. A rapid method for the determination of fibre and lignin. Journal of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemistry 46: 829835.Google Scholar
Varel, V. H. 1987. Activity of fibre- degrading microorganisms in the pig intestine. Journal of Animal Science 65: 488490.Google Scholar
Whittemore, C., 1993. The science and practice of pig production. Longman Scientific and Technical, Essex, England.Google Scholar
Wieren, S.E. van. 2000. Digestibility and voluntary intake of roughages by wild boar and Meishan pigs. Animal Science 71: 149156.Google Scholar