Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-s2hrs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T05:35:13.694Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A genetic and economic analysis of nucleus breeding plans designed to improve dairy breeds in Brazil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 August 2016

C. H. Lobo  and
F. R. Allaire
C. H. Lobo
Affiliation:
Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidade Paranaense - UNIPAR, Av. Uirapuru 218 Cidade Jardim, Uberlândia, MG, 38403-081, Brazil
F. R. Allaire
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio State University, 116 Plumb Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210-1094, USA
Get access

Abstract

The objective of this research was to design and compare nucleus breeding plans that might be recommended to the breeders of Brazilian dairy cattle. Plans for native dairy breeds were compared for the change of genetic merit in milk yield and in the economic return at 25-year investment periods. Effects of nucleus herd and commercial population sizes on genetic gain and net income were examined. Investment value of plans was studied for differences in the efficiency of embryo transfer techniques and in the sale price of cows and young bulls on genetic merit. Parent selection was based on records on individuals (for females), their full- and half-sibs, their dam, full-and half-sibs of their sire and their dam and their grandam. Within herd sire selection was restricted to a maximum of one bull per full-sib family. No matings of full-sibs were allowed. Annual economic summaries considered the age distribution of animals within herds. Alternative plans were investigated for their revenue, expense and net income streams and their investment value. The cumulative genetic gain of selected animals in lactational milk production was 1639 kg and 1435 kg for large plans with 64 donors (L) and small plans with 32 donors (S), respectively. The initial genetic lift for a population size of 20 000 animals was equal to 279 kg. When the size of the commercial population was increased to 50 000 animals, the lift was increased by 10%. Profitability in the different plans was achieved after the sale of cows and young bulls. The difference between cumulative discounted net returns at year 25 for L and S was proportional to the sale prices placed on the genetic merit of cows and bulls. The programmes of genetic improvement described were profitable and should be recommended to the breeders of Brazilian dairy cattle. Considering the criteria of gain to cost, the smaller plan seems to be the most reasonable to implement.

Keywords

dairy cattlenucleus schemetropics
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Science , Volume 68 , Issue 1 , February 1999 , pp. 87 - 96
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1999

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bichard, M. 1971. Dissemination of genetic improvement through a livestock industry. Animal Production 13: 401–411.Google Scholar
Christensen, L. G. 1990. Dispersed cooperative nucleus breeding schemes. Proceedings of the XXIII International Dairy Congress, vol. 1, p. 585.Google Scholar
Cunningham, E. P. 1990. Selection and crossbreeding strategies in adverse environments. Food and Agriculture Organization publication no. 24, pp. 279–288.Google Scholar
Cunningham, E. P. and Ryan, J. 1975. A note on the effect of the discount rate and length of the accounting period on the economic value of genetic improvement in cattle populations. Animal Production 21: 77–80.Google Scholar
Duarte, H. 1996. Custos com a manutençao de touros em centro de inseminação artificial PECPLAN-ABS I. A. LTDA. Osasco, SP, Brazil.Google Scholar
European Association for Animal Production. 1989. Alternative selection schemes in cattle. Report of the working group ‘New Selection Schemes in Cattle: Nucleus Programmes’. Proceedings of the 40th annual meeting of the European Association for Animal Production, Dublin, vol. 1, pp. 1–54. E AAP publication no. 44.Google Scholar
Food and Agriculture Organization. 1990. Proceeeedings of the FAO conference on open nucleus breeding systems, Białobrzegi, Poland. Polish Scientific Publishers, Warszawa.Google Scholar
Hill, W. G. 1971. Investment appraisal for national breeding programmes. Animal Production 13: 37–50.Google Scholar
Hinks, C. J. M. 1978. Alternative breeding schemes for dairy cattle. Animal Breeding Research Organisation report, 1978, pp. 3–8.Google Scholar
Hyppänen, K., Juga, J. and Mäntysaari, E. A. 1994. Realized selection response in a decentralized МОЕТ breeding program to increase protein to fat ratio. Proceedings of the fifth world congress on genetics applied to livestock production, Guelph, vol. 19, pp. 9–12.Google Scholar
Liboriussen, T. and Christensen, L. G. 1990. Experiences from implementation of а МОЕТ breeding scheme for dairy cattle. Proceedings of the fourth world congress on genetics applied to livestock production, Edinburgh, vol. 14, pp. 66–69.Google Scholar
Lobo, C. H., Francis, D. G. and Allaire, F. R. 1998. Organizational structure and logistics of an AI center — nucleus breeding scheme partnership to facilitate financing and implementation of dairy cattle improvement programs in tropical countries. Proceedings of the sixth world congress on genetics applied to livestock production, Armidale, vol. 27, pp. 195–198.Google Scholar
Lohuis, M., Smith, C. and Burnside, E. B. 1990. Embryo transfer results in a dispersed nucleus МОЕТ /A.I. testing scheme. Proceedings of the fourth world congress on genetics applied to livestock production, Edinburgh, vol. 14, pp. 221–224.Google Scholar
McDowell, R. E. 1983. Strategy for improving beef and dairy cattle in the tropics. Cornell international agricultural mimeograph no. 100.Google Scholar
McDowell, R. E. 1985. Crossbreeding in tropical areas with emphasis on milk, health and fitness, journal of Dairy Science 68: 2418–2435.Google Scholar
McGuirk, B. J. 1991. MOET uncorks a new vintage of sires. Holstein Friesian Journal 73: 162–165.Google Scholar
Madalena, F. E., Teodoro, R. L., Lemos, A. M., Monteiro, J. B. N. and Barbosa, R. T. 1990. Evaluation of strategies for crossbreeding of dairy cattle in Brazil. Journal of Dairy Science 73: 1887–1901.Google Scholar
Meuwissen, T. H. E. 1989. A deterministic model for the optimization of dairy cattle breeding based on BLUP breeding value estimates. Animal Production 49: 193–202.Google Scholar
Meuwissen, T. H. E. 1991. Reduction of selection differentials in finite populations with a nested full-half sib family structure. Biometrics 47: 195–203.Google Scholar
Nicholas, F. W. and Smith, C. 1983. Increased rates of genetic change in dairy cattle by embryo transfer and splitting. Animal Production 36: 341–353.Google Scholar
Rendel, J. M. and Robertson, A. 1950. Estimation of genetic gain in milk yield by selection in a closed herd of dairy cattle. Journal of Genetics 50: 1–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robertson, A. 1954. Inbreeding and performance in British Friesian cattle. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production, 1954, p. 87–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robertson, A. and Rendel, J. M. 1950. The use of progeny testing with artificial insemination in dairy cattle. Journal of Genetics 50: 21–31.Google Scholar
Ruane, J. 1991. The effect of alternative mating designs and selection strategies on adult multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET) nucleus breeding schemes in dairy cattle. Genetics, Selection, Evolution 23: 47–65.Google Scholar
Schrooten, C. and Arendonk, J. A. M. van. 1992. Stochastic simulation of dairy cattle breeding schemes: genetic evaluation of nucleus size and type. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics 109: 1–4.Google Scholar
Smith, C. 1988. Genetic improvement of livestock, using nucleus breeding units. World Animal Review 65: 2–10.Google Scholar
Van Vleck, L. D. 1981. Potential genetic impact of artificial insemination, sex selection, embryo transfer, cloning and selfing in dairy cattle. In New technologies in animal breeding (ed. Brackett, B. G. Seidel, G. E. Jr and Seidel, S. M.), pp. 221–242. Academic Press, London.Google Scholar
Villanueva, B., Woolliams, J. A. and Simm, G. 1994. Strategies for controlling rates of inbreeding in MOET nucleus schemes for beef cattle. Genetics, Selection, Evolution 26: 517–535.Google Scholar
Wilke, G. 1989. The embryo-transfer / donor-test breeding programme at Osnabrück, a new scheme within a farming organisation. Osnabrucker Schwarzbuntzucht 63: 14–15.Google Scholar
Woolliams, J. A. 1989. Modifications to MOET nucleus breeding schemes to improve rates of genetic progress and decrease rates of inbreeding in dairy cattle. Animal Production 49: 1–14.Google Scholar
Yamacuchi, L. C. T., Carneiro, A. V. and Carvalho, L. R. 1996. Custo unitàrio diàrio de criação de animais. EMBRAPA/CNPGL/SIPL. Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.Google Scholar