Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T13:04:45.373Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Endogenous ileal nitrogen and amino acid flows in the growing pig receiving a protein-free diet and diets containing enzymically hydrolysed casein or graded levels of meat and bone meal

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 August 2016

A. Donkoh  and
P. J. Moughan
A. Donkoh*
Affiliation:
Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
P. J. Moughan
Affiliation:
Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
*
† Present address: Animal Science Department, University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Get access

Abstract

Endogenous ileal amino acid flows were determined in pigs fitted with simple T-cannulas using either the regression method (meat and bone meal (MBM) as the protein source at five levels of inclusion) or following protein-free alimentation. Amino acid flows were compared with those determined by feeding animals a diet the sole nitrogen source of which was enzyme-hydrolysed casein (EHC), followed by centrifugation and ultrafiltration of the ileal digesta. The EHC was a mixture of free amino acids and oligopeptides (molecular weight 5000 Da). For the EHC treatment, the ileal digesta precipitate plus retentate was used to determine the endogenous flows. The ultrafiltration step excludes unabsorbed dietary amino acids from the measure of endogenous loss. Chromium III oxide was the reference marker in all diets. Estimates of endogenous nitrogen and amino acid flows determined under protein-free alimentation and the comparable flows determined using the regression method were similar. However, endogenous flows of amino acids for the EHC-fed pigs were generally significantly higher (F < 0·01) than values found for pigs on the protein-free diet and were higher than values obtained after extrapolation for pigs given the MBM-based diets. Mean endogenous ileal nitrogen flow for the EHC-fed animals was 2526 (s.e. 33.9) compared with 1711 (s.e. 25.5) mg/kg dry-matter intake for pigs receiving the protein-free diet.

Keywords

amino acidscaseinileumnitrogenpigs
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Science , Volume 68 , Issue 3 , April 1999 , pp. 511 - 518
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1999

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Amicon, . 1987. Centriprep concentrators. Operation instructions. Publication no. 1-3204. Amicon W. R. Grace and Co., Danvers, Massachusetts.Google Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1990. Official methods of analysis, 15th edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, Virginia.Google Scholar
Boisen, S. and Moughan, P. J. 1996. Dietary influences on endogenous ileal protein and amino acid loss in the pig — a review. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica 46: 154–164.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Butts, C. A., Moughan, P. J. and Smith, W. C. 1991. Endogenous amino acid flow at the terminal ileum of the rat determined under conditions of peptide alimentation. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 55: 175–187.Google Scholar
Butts, C. A., Moughan, P. J., Smith, W. C. and Carr, D. H. 1993. Endogenous lysine and amino acid flows at the terminal ileum of the growing pig (20 kg body weight) — the effect of protein-free, synthetic amino acid, peptide and protein alimentation. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 61: 31–40.Google Scholar
Corring, T. and Saucier, R. 1972. Secretion pancréatique sur le porc fistule. Adaptation a la teneur en protéines du regime. Annales de Biologie Animale, Biochimie, Biophysique 12: 233–241.Google Scholar
Costigan, P.and Ellis, K. J. 1987. Analysis of faecal chromium derived from controlled-release marker devices. New Zealand Journal of Technology 3: 89–92.Google Scholar
Darragh, A. J., Moughan, P. J., Rutherfurd, M. J. and Boisen, S. 1995. Amino acid availability in feedstuffs for the growing pig. In Recent advances in animal nutrition in Australia (ed. Rowe, J. B. and Nolan, J. V.), pp. 23–29. University of New England, Armidale, Australia.Google Scholar
Darragh, A. J., Moughan, P. J. and Smith, W. C. 1990. The effect of amino acid and peptide alimentation on the determination of endogenous amino acid flow at the terminal ileum of the rat. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 51: 47–56.Google Scholar
De Lange, C. F. M., Sauer, W.C. and Souffrant, W. 1989. The effect of protein status of the pig on the recovery and amino acid composition of endogenous protein in digesta collected from the distal ileum. Journal of Animal Science 67: 755–762.Google Scholar
De Lange, C. F. M., Souffrant, W.B. and Sauer, W.C. 1990. Real ileal protein and amino acid digestibilities in feedstuffs for growing pigs as determined with 15N-isotope dilution technique. Journal of Animal Science 68: 409–418.Google Scholar
Donkoh, A., Moughan, P. J. and Morel, P.C.H. 1995. Comparison of methods to determine the endogenous amino acid flow at the terminal ileum of the growing rat. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 67: 359–366.Google Scholar
Donkoh, A., Moughan, P. J. and Smith, W. C. 1994. Comparison of the slaughter method and simple T-piece cannulation of the terminal ileum for determining ileal amino acid digestibility in meat and bone meal for the growing pig. Animal Feed Science and Technology 49: 45–56.Google Scholar
Fan, M. Z., Sauer, W. C. and McBurney, M. I. 1995. Estimation by regression analysis of endogenous amino acid levels in digesta collected from the distal ileum of pigs. Journal of Animal Science 73: 2319–2328.Google Scholar
Furuya, S. and Kaji, Y. 1989. Estimation of the true ileal digestibility of amino acids and nitrogen from the apparent values for growing pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 26: 271–285.Google Scholar
Furuya, S. and Kaji, Y. 1991. Additivity of the apparent and true ileal digestible amino acid supply in barley, maize, wheat or soya-bean meal based diets for growing pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 32: 321–331.Google Scholar
Green, S., Bertrand, S. L., Duron, M. J. C. and Maillard, R. A. 1987. Digestibility of amino acid in maize, wheat and barley meal measured in pigs with ileo-rectal anastomosis and isolation of the large intestine. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 41: 29–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hagemeister, H. and Erbersdobler, H. 1985. Chemical labelling of dietary protein by transformation of lysine to homoarginine: a new technique to follow intestinal digestion and absorption. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 44: 133 Google Scholar
den Hartog, L. A., van Leeuwen, P. Huisman, J., Zandstra, T. van Heugten, E., van Ommerren, E.J. and van Kleef, D.. 1988. Comparison of ileal digestibility data obtained from pigs provided with a different type of cannula. Proceedings of the IVth international seminar on digestive physiology in the pig (ed. Buraczewska, L. Buraczewski, S., Pastuszewska, B and Zebrowzka, T.), pp. 275–282. Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Jabłonna, Poland.Google Scholar
Kimura, T., Seto, A., Kato, T. and Yoshida, A. 1977. Effects of dietary amino acids and protein on jejunal disaccharidase and leucineaminopeptidase activities of rats. Nutrition Reports International 16: 621–630.Google Scholar
Kohler, T., Huisman, J., Hartog, L. A. den and Mosenthin, R. 1990. Comparison of different digesta collection methods to determine the apparent digestibilities of the nutrients at the terminal ileum in pigs. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 53: 464–475.Google Scholar
Lavau, M., Baxin, R. and Herzog, J. 1974. Comparative effects of oral and parenteral feeding on pancreatic enzymes in the rat. Journal of Nutrition 104: 1432–1437.Google Scholar
Leibholz, J. and Mollah, Y. 1988. Digestibility of threonine from protein concentrates for growing pigs. I. The flow of endogenous amino acids to the terminal ileum of pigs. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 39: 713–719.Google Scholar
Leterme, P., Thewis, A., Beckers, Y. and Baudart, E. 1990. Apparent and true ileal digestibility of amino acids and nitrogen balance measured in pigs with ileo-rectal anastomosis or T-cannulas, given a diet containing peas. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 52: 485–497.Google Scholar
Millward, D. J., Garlick, P. J., James, W. P. T., Sender, P. M. and Waterlow, J. C. 1976. Protein turnover. In Protein metabolism and nutrition (ed. Cole, J. A. Boorman, K. N. Buttery, P. J. Lewis, D. Neale, R. J. and Swan, H.), proceedings of a symposium held at the University of Nottingham, 1974. European Association for Animal Production, publication no. 16, pp. 49–69. Butterworths, London.Google Scholar
Moughan, P. J., Darragh, A. J., Smith, W. C. and Butts, C. A. 1990.Perchloric and trichloroacetic acids as précipitants of protein in endogenous ileal digesta from the rat. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 52: 12–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moughan, P. J. and Rutherfurd, S. M. 1990. Endogenous flow of total lysine and other amino acids at the distal ileum of the protein- or peptide-fed rat. The chemical labelling of gelatin protein by transformation of lysine to homoarginine. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 52: 179–192.Google Scholar
Moughan, P. J., Schuttert, G. and Leenaars, M. 1992. Endogenous amino acid flow in the stomach and small intestine of the young growing pig. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 60: 437–442.Google Scholar
Moughan, P. J., Smith, W.C, Keis, A. K. and James, K.A.C. 1987. Comparison of the ileal digestibility of amino acids in ground barley for the growing rat and pig. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research 30: 59–66.Google Scholar
Ozimek, L., Sauer, W.C, Ozimek, G. and Conway, D. 1984. Effect of diet on the qualitative and quantitative adaption of exocrine pancreatic secretions. Sixty-third annual feeder’s day report. Agriculture and Forestry Bulletin special issue, pp. 16–19.Google Scholar
Puigserver, A., Wicker, C. and Gaucher, C. 1986. Adaptation of pancreatic and intestinal hydrolases to dietary changes. In Molecular and cellular basis of digestion (ed. P. Sesnuelle, H. Sjostrom and Noren, O.), pp. 113–124. Elsevier, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Rerat, A., Corring, T. and Laplace, J. P. 1976. Protein digestion and absorption. In Protein metabolism and nutrition (ed. Cole, D. J. A., Boorman, K. N. Buttery, P. J. D.Lewis, Neale, R. J. and Swan, H.), proceedings of a symposium held at the University of Nottingham, 1974. European Association for Animal Production publication no. 16, pp. 97–138. Butterworths, London.Google Scholar
Sauer, W.C., Stoghers, S. C. and Parker, R. J. 1977. Apparent and true availabilities of amino acids in wheat and milling by-products for growing pigs. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 57: 775–784.Google Scholar
Schlimme, E., Meisel, H. and Frister, H. 1989. Bioactive sequences in milk proteins. In Milk proteins (ed. Barth, C. A. and Schlimme, E.), pp. 143–149. Springer-Verlag, New York.Google Scholar
Schneeman, B.O. 1982. Digestive enzyme activities from the pancreas in response to diet. In Digestive physiology in the pig (ed. Laplace, J. P. Corring, T. and Rerat, A.), 2e séminaire international Jouy-en-Josas-Versailles, France, 1982. Les colliques I’INRA no. 12, pp. 125–131. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris.Google Scholar
Sève, B. and Henry, Y. 1995. Protein utilization in non ruminants. Proceedings of the 7th international symposium on protein metabolism and nutrition (ed. Nunes, A. F. Portugal, A. V. Costa, J. P. and Ribeiro, J. R.), EEAP publication no. 81, pp. 59–82. Estação Zootecnica Nacional, Instituto Nacional de Investigaçao Agraria, Portugal.Google Scholar
Skilton, G. A., Moughan, P. J. and Smith, W.C. 1988. Determination of endogenous amino acid flow at the terminal ileum of the rat. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 44: 227–235.Google Scholar
Smith, M. W. 1990. Peptide and amino acid absorption in the small intestine. In Animal nutrition and transport processes. 1. Nutrition in wild and domestic animals. Comparative physiology, vol. 5 (ed. Mellinger, J.), pp. 146–155. Karger, Basel.Google Scholar
Snedecor, G. W. and Cochran, W. G. 1989. Statistical methods, 8th edition. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa.Google Scholar
Snook, J. T. and Meyer, J. H. 1964a. Response of digestive enzymes to dietary protein. Journal of Nutrition 82: 409–414.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Snook, J. W. and Meyer, J. H. 1964b. Factors influencing the significance of endogenous nitrogen to the non-ruminant. In The role of the gastrointestinal tract in protein metabolism (ed. Monroe, H. N.), pp. 97–116. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.Google Scholar
Souffrant, W.B.,Février, C., Laplace, J. P. and Hennig, U. 1997. Comparison of methods to estimate ileal endogenous nitrogen and amino acids in piglets. Proceedings of the Vllth international symposium on digestive physiology in pigs (ed. Laplace, J. P., Février, C and Barbeau, A.), EAAP publication no. 88, pp. 591–595. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Saint Malo, France.Google Scholar
Taverner, M. R., Hume, I. D. and Farrel, D. J. 1981. Availability to pigs of amino acid in cereal grains. 1. Endogenous level of amino acids in ileal digesta and faeces of pigs given cereal diets. British Journal of Nutrition 46: 149–158.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Temler, R. S., Dormond, Ch. A., Simon, E., Morel, B. and Mettraux, Ch. 1983. Responses of rat pancreatic proteases to dietary proteins and their hydrolysates. International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 53: 233.Google Scholar