Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T11:50:48.287Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of protein degradability and source on rumen function, food intake and growth in Holstein cattle given high-moisture maize grain

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2010

J. R. Newbold  and
S. R. Rust
J. R. Newbold
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
S. R. Rust
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
Get access

Abstract

Crude protein concentration in diets based on high-moisture maize grain was increased using rumen degradable protein (RDP) or rumen undegradable protein (UDP). Treatment diets (numbers in parentheses indicate approximate RDP and UDP concentrations, g/kg dry matter (DM)) were: low-RDP (59, 80), high-RDP (79, 92), low-UDP (66, 67), high-UDP (69, 107, with maize gluten meal as chief UDP source) and high-UDP (71, 91, with fish, meat and maize gluten meals as UDP sources). Rumen pH and concentrations of volatile fatty acids, measured hourly for 12 h after feeding in four rumen fistulated Holstein steers, were unaffected by treatment (P > 0·05). Rumen ammonia-N concentration was greater for high-RDP (193 mg/1) than low-RDP (68 mg/1; P < 0·001). Within 12 h of feeding, ammonia-N concentration declined from 169 to 58 mg/1 for low-RDP and remained stable for high-RDP.

In a 56-day feeding trial using Holstein heifers (live weight 128 kg) and the first four treatments, RDP concentration had no effect on DM intake (P > 0·05). Lower DM intake (P < 0·01) for high-UDP (4·40 kg/day) than low-UDP (5·13 kg/day) was attributed to low palatability of maize gluten meal. Live-weight gain and food conversion efficiency were unaffected by treatment.

In a 56-day feeding trial using Holstein bulls (live weight 110 kg) and all treatments, RDP concentration had no effect on animal performance (P > 0·05). Food conversion efficiency increased (P < 0·001) when UDP concentration was increased only if UDP was supplied by a mix of fish, meat and maize gluten meals.

When RDP supply was not limiting to DM intake, protein source (amino acid composition) was better than protein degradability as an index of the feeding value of dietary protein.

Keywords

cattlefood intakeprotein degradationprotein source
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Production , Volume 50 , Issue 3 , June 1990 , pp. 399 - 408
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1990

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Agricultural Research Council. 1984. The Nutrient Requirements of Ruminant Livestock, Supplement 1. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough.Google Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1984. Official Methods of Analysis. 14th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Czerkawski, J. W. 1986. An Introduction to Rumen Studies. Pergamon Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Fadel, J. G., Udén, P. and Robinson, P. H. 1987. Effect of nitrogen and energy supplements on intake and digestion of oat straw by non-lactating dairy cows. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 109: 503–511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gill, J. L. 1978. Design and Analysis of Experiments in the Animal and Medical Sciences. Iowa State University Press, Ames, la.Google Scholar
Gill, J. L. 1986. Repeated measurement: sensitive tests for experiments with few animals. Journal of Animal Science 63: 943–954.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gomori, G. 1942. A modification of the colorimetric phosphorus determination for use with the photoelectric colorimeter. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 27: 955–960.Google Scholar
Heinrikson, R. L. and Meridith, S. C. 1984. Amino acid analysis by reverse-phase high-performance liquid choromatography: precolumn derivatization with phenylisothiocyanate. Analytical Biochemistry 136: 65–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laughren, L. C. and Young, A. W. 1979. Duodenal nitrogen flow in response to increasing dietary crude protein in sheep. Journal of Animal Science 49: 211–220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McDonald, P., Edwards, R. A., and Greenhalgh, J. F. D. 1978. Animal Nutrition. 2nd ed. Longman, London.Google Scholar
Imehrez, A. Z., Ørskov, E. R. and McDonald, I. 1977. Rates of rumen fermentation in relation to ammonia concentration. British Journal of Nutrition 38: 437–443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Research Council. 1985. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle. 6th ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Newbold, J. R., Garnsworthy, P. C., Buttery, P. J., Cole, D. J. A. and Haresign, W. 1987. Protein nutrition of growing cattle: food intake and growth responses to rumen degradable protein and undegradable protein. Animal Production 45: 383–394.Google Scholar
Newbold, J. R., Garnsworthy, P. C., Buttery, P. J., Cole, D. J. A. and Haresign, W. 1988. Responses of British Friesian steers with or without implants of oestradiol-17β to undegradable dietary protein. Animal Production 46: 181–193.Google Scholar
Odle, J. and Schaefer, D. M. 1987. Influence of rumen ammonia concentration on the rumen degradation rates of barley and maize. British Journal of Nutrition 57: 127–138.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ørskov, E. R., Fraser, C. and Pirie, R. 1973. The effect of bypassing the rumen with supplements of protein and energy on intake of concentrates by sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 30: 361–367.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ørskov, E. R. and McDonald, I. 1979. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 92: 499–503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Owens, F. N. 1986. Protein utilization in ruminants: current concepts in formulating ruminant diets. Proceedings of a Symposium of the American Feed Industry Association, St. Louis, Mo, pp. 12–34.Google Scholar
Satter, L. D. and Slyter, L. L. 1974. Effect of ammonia concentration on rumen microbial protein production in vitro. British Journal of Nutrition 32: 199–208.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Titgemeyer, E. C., Merchen, N. R., Berger, L. L. and Deetz, L. E. 1988. Estimation of lysine and methionine requirements of growing steers fed corn silage-based or corn-based diets. Journal of Dairy Science 71: 421–434.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zerbini, E. and Polan, C. E. 1985. Protein sources evaluated for ruminating Holstein calves. Journal of Dairy Science 68: 1416–1424.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed