Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T05:27:08.908Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The effects of protein and energy content of compound supplements offered at low levels to October-calving dairy cows given grass silage ad libitum

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2010

O. D. Davies
O. D. Davies
Affiliation:
ADAS Pwllpeiran Research Centre, Trawsgoed, Aberystwyth, Dyfed SY23 4HT
Get access

Abstract

Ninety-six October calving, multiparous Friesian dairy cows were given from week 2 of lactation perennial ryegrass silage ad libitum, supplemented with one of four compound foods, offered at a flat rate of 3 kg/day. The compound foods differed in crude protein (CP) concentration (210 (LP) and 350 (HP) g/kg dry matter (DM)), achieved by including fish meal at 50 and 250 kg/t respectively; and in metabolizable energy (ME) concentration (12·8 (LE) and 14·0 (HE) M/kg DM), achieved by adding protected fat (approx. 100 kg/t). There were no significant interactions between supplement type in terms of animal performance. Over an average feeding period of 152 days, milk yields were significantly increased by 0·49 kg/day per 100 g supplementary CP (P < 0·01) and 0·50 kg/day per MJ of supplementary ME (P < 0·05).

Increasing the level of supplementary CP had no effect on milk composition but significantly increased yield of milk protein (67 g/day). An increase in supplementary ME significantly reduced protein concentration in the milk (1·1 gjkg) but had no effect on protein yield. Yield of milk fat was significantly increased (76 g/day). The additional energy also significantly improved cow fertility in terms of a reduced interval from calving to both first service and conception.

Keywords

dairy cowsenergy intakefertilitymilk yieldprotein intake
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Production , Volume 55 , Issue 2 , October 1992 , pp. 169 - 175
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Broderick, G. A. 1988. Fishmeal vs solvent soyabean meal for lactating cows fed alfalfa silage as sole forage. United States Dairy Forage Research Centre Summaries, p. 59. Madison, Wise.Google Scholar
Casper, D. P. and Schingoethe, D. J. 1989. Model to describe and alleviate milk fat depression in early lactation dairy cows fed a high fat diet. Journal of Dairy Science 72: 3327–3335.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Davies, O. D. 1989. The effect of compound level and silage quality on the performance of October-calving dairy cows. Animal Production 48: 623 (abstr.).Google Scholar
Genstat V Committee. 1987. Genstat v reference manual. Oxford University Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Gordon, F. J. 1979. The effect of protein content of the supplement for dairy cows with access ad libitum to high digestibility, wilted grass silage. Animal Production 28: 183–189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gordon, F. J. 1980. The effect of silage type on the performance of lactating cows and the response to high levels of protein in the supplement. Animal Production 30: 29–37.Google Scholar
Gordon, F. J. and Crawford, A. G. S. 1984. Milk production. Occasional publication, HiHsborough Research Institute, no. 11.Google Scholar
Gordon, F. J. and Peoples, A. C. 1986. The utilization of wilted and unwilted silages by lactating cows and the influence of changes in the protein and energy concentration of the supplement offered. Animal Production 43: 355–366.Google Scholar
Gordon, F. J., Unsworth, E. F. and Peoples, A. C. 1981. Protein supplementation of silage-based diets for milk production. 54th annual report, Agricultural Research of Northern Ireland, pp. 13–23.Google Scholar
Hussein, H. S. and Jordan, R. M. 1991. Fishmeal as a protein supplement in ruminant diets: a review, journal of Animal Science 69: 2147–2156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kent, B. A. and Arambel, M. J. 1988. Effect of calcium salts of long chain fatty acids on dairy cows in early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science. 71: 2412–2415.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McCarthy, R. D., Klusmeyer, T. H., Vicini, J. L., Clark, J. H. and Nelson, D. R. 1989. Effects of source of protein and carbohydrate on ruminal fermentation and passage of nutrients to the small intestine of lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Science 72: 2002–2016.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayne, C. S. and Gordon, F. J. 1984. The effect of type of concentrate and level of concentrate feeding on milk production. Animal Production 39: 65–76.Google Scholar
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. 1984. Energy allowances and feeding systems for ruminants. Reference book 433. 2nd ed. Her Majesty's Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. 1985. The analysis of agricultural materials. Reference book 427. 3rd ed Her Majesty's Stationery Office.Google Scholar
National Research Council. 1985. Ruminant nitrogen useage. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Ørskov, E. R., Reid, G. W. and McDonald, I. 1981. The effects of protein degradability and food intake on milk yield and composition in cows in early lactation. British Journal of Nutrition 45: 545–555CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Palmquist, D. C. and Jenkins, T. C. 1980. Fat in lactation rations: review. Journal of Dairy Science 63: 1–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reeve, A., Baker, R. D. and Hodson, R. G. 1986. The response of January/February calving British Friesian cows to level of protein supplementation. Animal Production 42: 435 (abstr.).Google Scholar
Reeve, A., Baker, R. D. and Hodson, R. G. 1989. The use of a high crude protein compound supplement to silage diets i n January/February calving British Friesian cows. In Silage for milk production (ed. C. S. Maine) occasional symposium, British Grassland Society no. 23, pp. 181–183.Google Scholar
Reid, I. M., Roberts, C. J. and Manston, R. 1979. Reduced fertility associated with fatty liver in high yielding dairy cows. Veterinary Science Communications 3: 231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rowlands, G. J., Little, W. and Kitchenham, B. A. 1977. Relationships between blood composition and fertility in dairy cows—a field study. Journal of Dairy Research 44: 1–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schauff, D. J. and Clark, J. H. 1989. Effects of prilled fatty acids and calcium salts of fatty acids on rumen fermentation, nutrient digestibilities, milk production and milk composition. Journal of Dairy Science 72: 917–927.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schneider, P., Sklan, D., Chalupa, W. and Kronfeld, D. S. 1988. Feeding calcium salts of fatty acids to lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 71: 2143–2150.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sklan, D., Bogin, E., Avidar, Y. and Gur-arie, S. 1989. Feeding calcium soaps of fatty acids to lactating cows: effect on production, body condition and blood lipids. Journal of Dairy Research 56: 675–681.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sloan, B. K., Rowlinson, P. and Armstrong, D. G. 1988. The influence of a formulated excess of rumen degradable protein or undegradable protein on milk production in dairy cows in early lactation. Animal Production 46: 13–22.Google Scholar
Sommer, H. 1975. Preventive medicine in dairy cows. Veterinary Medical Review (Bayer). 1: 42–63.Google Scholar
Thomas, P. C., Robertson, S., Chamberlain, D. S., Livingstone, R. M., Garthwaite, P. H., Dewey, P. J. S., Smart, R. and Whyte, C. 1988. Predicting the metabolisable energy (ME) content of compounded feeds for ruminants. In Recent advances in animal nutrition (ed. Haresign, W. and Cole, D. J. A.), pp. 127–146. Butterworths, London.Google Scholar
Tilley, J. M. A. and Terry, R. A. 1963. A two-stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops. Journal of the British Grassland Society 18: 104–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zerbini, E., Polan, C. E. and Herbein, J. H. 1988. Effect of dietary soyabean meal and fishmeal on protein digesta flow in Holstein cows during early and mid lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 71: 1248–1258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar