Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T06:28:07.176Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of oil supplementation of a diet containing a high concentration of starch on levels of trans fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids in bovine milk

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 August 2016

N.W. Offer ,
M. Marsden  and
R.H. Phipps
N.W. Offer*
Affiliation:
>Food Systems Division, Scottish Agricultural College, Auchincruive, Ayr KA6 5HW, UK
M. Marsden
Affiliation:
ABN House, PO Box 250, Peterborough PE2 9QF, UK
R.H. Phipps
Affiliation:
CEDAR, Hall Farm Arborfield, Reading RG2 9HX, UK
*
†Email :[email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Sixteen Holstein Friesian cows were offered ad libitum a forage mixture of three parts (dry-matter (DM) basis) maize silage (starch and neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) 324 and 395 g/kg DM) and one part grass silage (NDF 518 g/kg DM) in a 4 ✕ 4 Latin-square change-over design experiment using four periods each of 4 weeks. Cows were housed in a cubicle house, bedded on sand and given food through Calan gates. The four supplement treatments were control (no oil supplement, C); 1·5 kg/day processed crushed linseed (PL); 1·5 kg/day crushed linseed (L) and 0·6 kg/day marine algae (A) providing 0, 440, 423 and 109 g/day of oil respectively. Cows also received a pelleted concentrate in three equal meals (12·0, 10·5, 10·5 and 11·2 kg/day for C, PL, L and A respectively) containing (g/kg DM) 260, 203, 288 and 74 of crude protein, NDF, starch and water-soluble carbohydrate respectively. Oil supplementation depressed (P < 0·05) forage intake (11·2, 10·3, 10·1 and 10·1 kg DM per day) but milk yield was unaffected (P > 0·05) by treatment (mean 35·9 kg/day). Milk fat concentrations were low and further depressed (P < 0·05) by algal supplementation (33·5, 32·3, 32·3 and 25·6 g/kg). Algal supplementation caused a three-fold increase in the concentrations of (n-3) long chain (>C20) polyunsaturated fatty acids in milk fat (to 0·51 g/100 g fat) representing a transfer efficiency from diet to milk of ca. 5%. Oil supplementation increased levels of all trans monoenes in milk but the effect was much greater for treatment A (P < 0·05) and for trans-10 C18: 1 (1·52, 1·94, 1·72 and 6·12 g/100 g milk fat for C, PL, L and A respectively). Trans-10 C18: 1 was the predominant trans monoene in milk fat for all treatments (47·7, 45·2, 45·6 and 67·4% of total). Treatment A also caused the greatest increases (P < 0·05) in conjugated linoleic acid (CLA to 0·54, 0·69, 0·65 and 0·97 g/100 g milk fat). Although mainly cis-9, trans-11, a small proportion (4·8 to 5·5%) of the CLA was identified as the trans-10, cis-12 isomer for all treatments. This pattern of isomers of trans monoenes and CLA, which may have implications for the health properties of the milk, may be related to effects on rumen function caused by the high starch intakes (5·75, 5·09, 5·11 and 5·27 kg/day).

Keywords

linoleic acidmilktrans fatty acids.
Type
Ruminant nutrition, behaviour and production
Information
Animal Science , Volume 73 , Issue 3 , December 2001 , pp. 533 - 540
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 2001

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adlof, R. O., Duval, S. and Emken, E. A. 2000. Biosynthesis of conjugated linoleic acid in humans. Lipids 35: 131–135.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Banni, S. and Martin, J. C. 1998. Conjugated linoleic acids and metabolites. In Trans fatty acids in human nutrition. (ed. Sebedio, J. L. and Christie, W. W.), pp. 261–302. The Oily Press, Dundee, Scotland.Google Scholar
Belury, M. A. 1995. Conjugated dienoic linoleate: a polyunsaturated fatty acid with unique chemoprotective properties. Nutrition Reviews 53: 83–89.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chilliard, Y., Ferlay, A., Mansebridge, M. and Doreau, M. 2000. Ruminant milk fat plasticity: nutritional control of saturated, polyunsaturated, trans and conjugated fatty acids. Annales de Zootechie 49: 181–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chouinard, P. Y., Corneau, L., Barbano, D. M., Metzger, L. E. and Bauman, D. E. 1999a. Conjugated linoleic acids alter milk fatty acid composition and inhibit milk fat secretion in dairy cows. Journal of Nutrition 129: 1579–1584.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chouinard, P. Y., Corneau, L., Saebo, A. and Bauman, D. E. 1999b. Milk yield and composition during abomasal infusion of conjugated linoleic acid in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 82: 2737–2745.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Christie, W. W. 1984. Lipid analysis. Pergamon Press, London.Google Scholar
Eulitz, K., Yurawecz, M. P., Sehat, N., Fritsche, J., Roach, J. A. G., Mossoba, M. M., Kramer, J. K. G., Adlof, R. O. and Ku, Y. 1999. Preparation, separation and confirmation of the eight geometrical cis/trans conjugated linoleic acid isomers 8, 10- through 11, 13-18: 2. Lipids 34: 873–877.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Franklin, S. T., Martin, K. R., Baer, R. J., Schingoethe, D. J. and Hippen, A. R. 1999. Dietary marine algae (Schizochytrium sp.) increases concentrations of conjugated linoleic, docosahexanoic and transvaccenic acids in milk of dairy cows. Journal of Nutrition 129: 2048–2052.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaynor, P. J., Waldo, D. R., Capuco, A. V., Erdman, R. A., Douglass, L. W. and Teter, B. B. 1995. Milk fat depression, the glucogenic theory and trans-C18:1 fatty acids. Journal of Dairy Science 78: 2008–2015.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Griinari, J. M., Corl, B. A., Lacy, S. H., Chouinard, P. Y., Nurmela, K. V. V. and Bauman, D. E. 2000. Conjugated linoleic acid is synthesised endogenously in lactating cows by delta-9 desaturase. Journal of Nutrition 130: 2285–2291.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Griinari, J. M., Dwyer, D. A., McGuire, M. A., Bauman, D. E., Palmquist, D. L. and Nurmela, K. V. V. 1998. Trans-octadecanoic acids and milk fat depression in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 81: 1251–1261.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hu, F. B., Stampfer, M. J., Manson, J. E., Rimm, E., Colditz, G. A., Rosner, B. A., Hennekens, C. H. and Willett, W. C. 1997. Dietary fat intake and the risk of coronary heart disease in women. New England Journal of Medicine 337: 1491–1499.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ip, C., Scimeca, J. A. and Thompson, H. J. 1994. Conjugated linoleic acid. A powerful anticarcinogen from animal fat sources. Cancer 74: 1050–1054.Google ScholarPubMed
Kennelly, J. J. 1996. The fatty acid composition of milk fat as influenced by feeding oilseeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology 60: 137–152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawes Agricultural Trust. 1987. Genstat 5 reference manual. Clarendon Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Loor, J. J. and Herbein, J. H. 1998. Exogenous conjugated linoleic acid isomers reduce bovine milk fat concentration and yield by inhibiting de novo fatty acid synthesis. Journal of Nutrition 128: 2411–2419.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McDonald, I. W. and Scott, T. W. 1977. Foods of ruminant origin with elevated content of polyunsaturated fatty acids. World Review of Nutrition and Diet 26: 144–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noakes, M., Nestel, P. J. and Clifton, P. M. 1996. Modifying the fatty acid profile of dairy products through feedlot technology lowers plasma cholesterol of humans consuming the products. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 63: 42–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Offer, N. W., Marsden, M., Dixon, J., Speake, B. K. and Thacker, F. E. 1999. Effect of dietary fat supplements on levels of n-3 poly-unsaturated fatty acids, trans acids and conjugated linoleic acid in bovine milk. Animal Science 69: 613–625.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Offer, N. W., Speake, B. K., Dixon, J. and Marsden, M. 2001. Effect of fish-oil supplementation on levels of (n-3) poly-unsaturated fatty acids in the lipoprotein fractions of bovine plasma. Animal Science 73: 523–531.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parodi, P. W. 1997. Cows’ milk fat components as potential anticarcinogenic agents. Journal of Nutrition 127: 1055–1060.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pennington, J. A. and Davis, C. L. 1975. Effects of intra-ruminal and intra-abomasal additions of cod-liver oil on milk fat production in the dairy cow. Journal of Dairy Science 58: 49–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Porter, M. G., Patterson, D. C., Steen, R. W. J. and Gordon, F. J. 1984. Determination of dry matter and gross energy of grass silage. Proceedings of the seventh silage conference, The Queen’s University, Belfast, pp. 89–90.Google Scholar
Salem, N., Kim, H. Y. and Yergey, J. A. 1989. Docosahexaenoic acid: membrane function and metabolism. In Health effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids in seafoods (ed. Simopoulos, A. P., Kifer, R. R. and Martin, R. E.) pp. 263–317. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Salminen, I., Mutanen, M., Jauhiainen, M. and Aro, A. 1998. Dietary trans fatty acids increase conjugated linoleic acid levels in human serum. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 9: 93–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Selner, D. R. and Schultz, L. H. 1980. Effects of feeding oleic acid or hydrogenated vegetable oils to lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Science 63: 1235–1241.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sutton, J. D., Abdalla, A. L., Phipps, R. H., Cammell, S. B. and Humphries, D. J. 1997. The effect of the replacement of grass silage by increasing proportions of urea-treated whole-crop wheat on food intake and apparent digestibility and milk production by dairy cows. Animal Science 65: 343–351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sutton, J. D., Cammell, S. B., Beever, D. E., Humphries, D. J. and Phipps, R. H. 1998. Energy and nitrogen balance of lactating dairy cows given mixtures of urea-treated whole-crop wheat and grass silage. Animal Science 67: 203–212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Willett, C. W., Stampfer, M. J., Manson, J. E., Colditz, G. A., Speizer, F. E., Rosner, B. A., Sampson, L. A. and Hennekens, C. H. 1993. Intake of trans fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease among women. Lancet 341: 581–585.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wonsil, B. J., Herbein, J. H. and Watkins, B. A. 1994. Dietary and ruminally derived trans-C18:1 fatty acids alter bovine milk lipids. Journal of Nutrition 124: 556–565.Google Scholar