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Recent advances of vitamin D in immune, reproduction, performance for pig: a review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 June 2021

Pan Yang  and
Yongxi Ma Open the ORCID record for Yongxi Ma [Opens in a new window]
Pan Yang
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, People's Republic of China
Yongxi Ma*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, People's Republic of China
*
Author for correspondence: Yongxi Ma, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing100193, People's Republic of China. E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Vitamin D (VD) has been reported to play multiple and significant roles in improving pig health via modulating calcium and phosphorus homeostasis, skeletal muscle development and the immune system. Apart from food, photochemical action of 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin is the main source of this molecule for pigs. The VD from dietary intake or photosynthesized via skin can be absorbed into the liver for hydroxylation, and further hydroxylated into the hormone form of VD (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 or 1,25(OH)2D3) in the kidney. As a sterol hormone, 1,25(OH)2D3 is able to bind with the VD receptor (VDR), and this ligand-receptor complex (VDR/retinoic X receptor) translocates from the cytoplasm into the nucleus to regulate gene expression, thus modulating metabolism. In this review, we summarized the recent studies regarding the non-skeletal health benefits of VD for pigs, and focused on the recent advances in the cellular and molecular mechanisms of VD that affects the immune system and reproductive health. This review provides a reference for future research and application of VD in pigs.

Keywords

Immunepigreproductive healthserum 25(OH)D3vitamin D
Type
Review Article
Information
Animal Health Research Reviews , Volume 22 , Issue 1 , June 2021 , pp. 85 - 95
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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