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Canine leptospirosis in stray and sheltered dogs: a systematic review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 June 2022

Anna Cecília Trolesi Reis Borges Costa ,
Raisa Abreu Bragança Colocho ,
Carine Rodrigues Pereira ,
Andrey Pereira Lage Open the ORCID record for Andrey Pereira Lage [Opens in a new window] ,
Marcos Bryan Heinemann  and
Elaine Maria Seles Dorneles Open the ORCID record for Elaine Maria Seles Dorneles [Opens in a new window]
Anna Cecília Trolesi Reis Borges Costa
Affiliation:
Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Raisa Abreu Bragança Colocho
Affiliation:
Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Carine Rodrigues Pereira
Affiliation:
Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Andrey Pereira Lage
Affiliation:
Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Marcos Bryan Heinemann
Affiliation:
Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Elaine Maria Seles Dorneles*
Affiliation:
Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil
*
Author for correspondence: Elaine Maria Seles Dorneles, E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the prevalence of leptospirosis among stray and sheltered dogs worldwide. Six databases were searched, which resulted in the retrieval of 476 articles. Sixty articles were selected for analysis according to 10 quality criteria. Among the selected papers, 26 papers [43.4% (26/60)] met five of the 10 quality criteria established, 10 papers [16.7% (10/60)] met three criteria, nine papers [15.0% (9/60)] met four criteria, six papers [10.0% (6/60)] met six criteria, four papers [6.7% (4/60)] met eight criteria, and three papers [5.0% (3/60)] met nine of the 10 criteria, whereas two papers [1.7% (1/60)] met two and seven [1.7% (1/60)] criteria. Publications originated mainly from the Americas [45.0% (27/60)] and in the last 16 years (2003–2019) [81.7% (49/60)], and most of the sampled dogs were stray dogs [65.0% (39/60)]. The most commonly used diagnostic test for leptospirosis was the microscopic agglutination test [78.4% (47/60)] followed by polymerase chain reaction [21.7% (13/60)], and the most common serovars were Canicola [71.4% (35/49)], Icterohaemorrhagiae [65.3% (32/49)], Grippotyphosa [40.8% (20/49)], and Pomona [40.8% (20/49)]. In conclusion, our results showed that Leptospira spp. are present in unowned dogs worldwide; however, the low-methodological quality of the recovered cross-sectional studies precluded a meta-analysis.

Keywords

Cross-sectionalepidemiologyLeptospiraseroprevalencestreet dogsunowned dogs
Type
Systematic Review
Information
Animal Health Research Reviews , Volume 23 , Issue 1 , June 2022 , pp. 39 - 58
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Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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