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Description of production system and on-farm phenotypic characterization of Central Highland and Woyto-Guji goat breeds in Ethiopia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 May 2016

Netsanet Zergaw ,
Tadelle Dessie  and
Kefelegn Kebede
Netsanet Zergaw*
Affiliation:
Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
Tadelle Dessie
Affiliation:
International Livestock Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Kefelegn Kebede
Affiliation:
Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
*
Correspondence to: N. Zergaw, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, PO box 2003. email: [email protected]
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Summary

The study examines phenotypic characterization of Central Highland and Woyto-Guji goat breeds at Meta Robi and Konso districts of Ethiopia. Purposive and random sampling techniques were employed to select sample villages and respondent. For administration of semi-structured questionnaire and phenotypic characterization, a total of 240 households and 601 adult animals, respectively, were selected. The average goat flock size (31.25 ± 22.46) owned per household of Konso was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than Meta Robi (12.73 ± 8). In Konso, natural pasture was the most frequently mentioned feed source during wet season, while hay was the most important feed source during dry season. On the other hand, in Meta Robi, natural pasture was the most frequently mentioned feed source during wet and dry seasons. Coat colour type, horn shape, ear orientation, wattle and beard were found to differ highly significantly (P < 0.001) among the two goat breeds. Goat breed had a significant effect (P < 0.001) on body weight and other body measurements except pelvic width (P > 0.05). The least-square means of body weight, body length, height at wither, chest girth, chest width, ramp length, horn length, ear length and pelvic width of Central Highland female goats were 29.5 ± 0.2 kg, 62.2 ± 0.2 cm, 67.5 ± 0.2 cm, 72.9 ± 0.2 cm, 13.4 ± 0.1 cm, 19.7 ± 0.1 cm, 12.8 ± 0.2 cm, 14.6 ± 0.1 cm and 13.5 ± 0.1 cm, respectively. The corresponding values for Woyto-Guji female goats were 24.8 ± 0.3 kg, 57.4 ± 0.2 cm, 61.9 ± 0.2 cm, 68.3 ± 0.2 cm, 12.1 ± 0.1 cm, 17.3 ± 0.1 cm, 10 ± 0.2 cm, 13 ± 0.1 cm and 13.4 ± 0.1 cm, respectively. The observed variations in production system and morphological traits among the sample populations coupled with their adaptive traits would indeed justify the need for designing breed improvement programme for both breeds.

Résumé

Cette étude est consacrée à la caractérisation phénotypique des races caprines Terres Hautes Centrales et Woyto-Guji des districts Meta Robi et Konso en Éthiopie. Les villages et les personnes enquêtées ont été choisis en suivant des techniques d’échantillonnage intentionnel et aléatoire. Pour la mise en application du questionnaire semi-structuré et pour la caractérisation phénotypique, un total de 240 ménages et de 601 animaux adultes ont été respectivement sélectionnés. La taille moyenne du troupeau de chèvres possédé par ménage a été significativement (P < 0.01) plus élevée au Konso (31.25 ± 22.46) qu'au Meta Robi (12.73 ± 8). Au Konso, les pâturages naturels ont été la ressource alimentaire la plus fréquemment citée pendant la saison humide alors que le foin en a été la ressource alimentaire la plus importante pendant la saison sèche. Par contre, au Meta Robi les pâturages naturels ont été la ressource alimentaire la plus fréquemment citée aussi bien en saison humide qu'en saison sèche. La couleur de la robe, la forme des cornes, l'orientation des oreilles et la présence de pendeloques et de barbiche ont différé significativement (P < 0.001) entre les deux races caprines. La race a eu un effet significatif (P < 0.001) sur le poids et sur autres mesures corporelles des chèvres, hormis la largeur pelvienne (P > 0.05). La moyenne des moindres carrés pour le poids corporel, la longueur du corps, la hauteur au garrot, le périmètre thoracique, la largeur de la poitrine, la longueur de la pente, la longueur des cornes, la longueur des oreilles et la largeur du bassin des femelles de race Terres Hautes Centrales a été respectivement de 29.5 ± 0.2 kg, 62.2 ± 0.2 cm, 67.5 ± 0.2 cm, 72.9 ± 0.2 cm, 13.4 ± 0.1 cm, 19.7 ± 0.1 cm, 12.8 ± 0.2 cm, 14.6 ± 0.1 cm et 13.5 ± 0.1 cm. Les valeurs correspondantes pour les femelles de race Woyto-Guji ont été respectivement de 24.8 ± 0.3 kg, 57.4 ± 0.2 cm, 61.9 ± 0.2 cm, 68.3 ± 0.2 cm, 12.1 ± 0.1 cm, 17.3 ± 0.1 cm, 10 ± 0.2 cm, 13 ± 0.1 cm et 13.4 ± 0.1 cm. Les variations observées entre les populations étudiées dans le système de production et les caractères morphologiques, avec leurs caractères adaptatifs, justifieraient certainement la nécessité de développer un programme d'amélioration pour les deux races.

Resumen

Este estudio aborda la caracterización fenotípica de las razas caprinas Tierras Altas del Centro y Woyto-Guji de los distritos Meta-Robi y Konso de Etiopía. Los pueblos y las personas encuestadas fueron seleccionados siguiendo técnicas de muestreo intencional y aleatorio. Para la aplicación del cuestionario semiestructurado y para la caracterización fenotípica, se seleccionaron, respectivamente, un total de 240 hogares y 601 animales adultos. El tamaño medio del rebaño de cabras poseído por hogar fue significativamente (P < 0.01) mayor en Konso (31.25 ± 22.46) que en Meta-Robi (12.73 ± 8). En Konso, los pastos naturales fueron el recurso alimenticio más frecuentemente mencionado durante la estación húmeda mientras que el heno fue el recurso alimenticio más importante durante la estación seca. En cambio, en Meta-Robi, los pastos naturales fueron el recurso alimenticio más frecuentemente mencionado tanto en la estación húmeda como en la estación seca. El color de la capa, la forma de los cuernos, la orientación de las orejas y la presencia de mamellas y barba difirieron significativamente (P < 0.001) entre las dos razas caprinas. La raza tuvo un efecto significativo (P < 0.001) sobre el peso y sobre otras medidas corporales de las cabras, a excepción de la anchura pélvica (P > 0.05). Las medias por mínimos cuadrados para el peso corporal, la longitud del cuerpo, la altura a la cruz, la circunferencia torácica, la anchura del pecho, la longitud de la caída, la longitud de los cuernos, la longitud de las orejas y la anchura de la pelvis de las hembras de raza Tierras Altas del Centro fueron de 29.5 ± 0.2 kg, 62.2 ± 0.2, 67.5 ± 0.2, 72.9 ± 0.2, 13.4 ± 0.1, 19.7 ± 0.1, 12.8 ± 0.2, 14.6 ± 0.1 y 13.5 ± 0.1, respectivamente. Los valores correspondientes para las hembras de raza Woyto-Guji fueron de 24.8 ± 0.3 kg, 57.4 ± 0.2, 61.9 ± 0.2, 68.3 ± 0.2, 12.1 ± 0.1, 17.3 ± 0.1, 10 ± 0.2, 13 ± 0.1 y 13.4 ± 0.1 cm, respectivamente. Las variaciones observadas, entre las poblaciones muestreadas, en el sistema de producción y en los rasgos morfológicos, junto con sus caracteres adaptativos, justificarían ciertamente la necesidad de diseñar un programa de mejora para ambas razas.

Keywords

Goat breedqualitative traitsquantitative traitsrace caprinecaractères qualitatifscaractères quantitatifsraza caprinarasgos cualitativosrasgos cuantitativos
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Genetic Resources/Resources génétiques animales/Recursos genéticos animales , Volume 58 , June 2016 , pp. 43 - 51
Copyright
Copyright © Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2016 

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