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Deoni cattle breed of India. A study on population dynamics and morphometric characteristics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2011

G. Singh
Affiliation:
National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Post Box No. 129, G. T. Road Bypass, Karnal 132 001, Haryana, India
G.K. Gaur
Affiliation:
National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Post Box No. 129, G. T. Road Bypass, Karnal 132 001, Haryana, India
A.E. Nivsarkar
Affiliation:
National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Post Box No. 129, G. T. Road Bypass, Karnal 132 001, Haryana, India
G.R. Patil
Affiliation:
National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Post Box No. 129, G. T. Road Bypass, Karnal 132 001, Haryana, India
K.R. Mitkari
Affiliation:
National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Post Box No. 129, G. T. Road Bypass, Karnal 132 001, Haryana, India
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Summary

Deoni is an important dual-purpose breed of cattle in Maharashtra. These animals are mainly found in the Latur district and the adjoining area of Prabhani, Nanded and Osmanabad districts of the Marathwada region of Maharashtra. From 1996 to 1999, a systematic survey was conducted in 13 strata involving 69 villages to determine geographic distribution, establish breed characteristics, determine socioeconomic status and existing management practices as well as to estimate the approximate population of Deoni cattle in its breeding tract. The total number of households enumerated was 9 132. The average herd size was 2.5 animals with a range of 1 to 16. About 30 percent of farmers were found rearing Deoni cattle. The total population of the Deoni in the entire breeding tract was estimated at 118 945. A decrease in Deoni cattle population (8.78 percent) was also noticed from August 1996 to August 1998.

Deoni is a medium heavy animal. It is found in three-colour variations viz.Wannera, Balankya and Shevera. The body is moderately developed and symmetrical with distinct muscles. Horn length, ear length, head length, chest girth, body length and height averaged 17.61, 26.18, 49.82, 151.82, 120.11 and122.22 cm in adult cows and 19.97, 26.67, 53.68, 163.55, 129.59 and 134.36 cm in bullocks. Lactation milk yield averaged 868 litres. The average fat content in the milk of Deoni cows was 4.3 percent. Cows showed their first estrus at the average age of 36 months. Average age at first calving was 46 months. Service period and inter-calving period averaged 170 and 447 days. The selected bulls started breeding at the age of 30 months. Calf and adultmortality was found to be negligible and the breed was found to be hardy and well adapted to tropical draught prone areas. The declining trend of the Deoni cattle breed calls for immediate steps to control the reasons. Regarding conservation and improvement, both models need to be implemented effectively to make the programme successful.

Resumen

La Deoni es una raza vacuna de doble propósito originaria de Maharashtra. Estos animales se encuentran principalmente en el distrito de Latur ylas zonas vecinas de Praghani, Nanded y Osmanabad, en el distrito Marathwada de en la región de Maharashtra. Entre 1996 y 1999 se llevó a cabo una encuesta sistemática en 13 zonas que comprendían 69 poblados con el fin de determinar la distribución geográfica, establecer las características de la raza, determinar el estatus socioeconómico y las prácticas de conducta existentes, así como hacer una estimación de la población aproximada existente de la raza Deoni en su habitat. El total de familias propietarias fue de 9 132, y la media de animales por familia de 2,5, con un espectro de 1a 16. Alrededor de 30% de los agricultores resultó ser criados de laraza Deoni. La población total de Deoni en la zona originaria fue establecida en 118 945, y se observó una diminución de la raza del 8,78% entre agosto 1996 y agosto 1998.

Se trata de una raza de peso medio que se subdivide según una variación de tres colores: Wannera, Balankya y Shevera. El cuerpo se presenta bastante desarrollado y simétrico con músculos visibles.La longitud de los cuernos, orejas, cabeza, circunferencia torácica, longitud del cuerpo y altura media son respectivamente de 17,61; 26,18; 49,82;151,82; 120,11; y 122,22 cm en los animales adultos y de 19,97; 26,67; 53,68; 163,55; 129,59; y 134,36 cm en los novillos. El rendimiento medio por lactación es de 868 litros. El contenido medio en grasa en la leche de la raza Deoni es de 4,3%. Las hembras presentan el primer estro hacia la edad de 36 meses, y la media de edad al primer parto es de 46 meses. El periodo de monta y el intervalo entre partos es de 170 y 447 días. Los machos seleccionados se utilizan en reproducción a partir de los 30 meses. Se consideró que la mortalidad de crias y adultos no representaban un dato importante ya que laraza se presenta fuerte y bien adaptada a las zonas secas tropicales. El declive de la raza Deoni ha provocado una serie de medidas inmediatas para averiguar los motivos. En cuanto a la conservación y la mejora ambos modelos necesitán ser mejorados para conseguir un programa de éxito.

Type
Research Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2002

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