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Breeding structure and genetic variability of the Holstein Friesian dairy cattle population in Kenya

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 April 2013

T.K. Muasya ,
K.J. Peters  and
A.K. Kahi
T.K. Muasya*
Affiliation:
Department of Crops and Livestock Sciences, Humboldt University-Berlin, Philipp Straße 13, Haus 9, D-10115, Germany Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, PO Box 25, 20117, Naivasha, Kenya
K.J. Peters
Affiliation:
Department of Crops and Livestock Sciences, Humboldt University-Berlin, Philipp Straße 13, Haus 9, D-10115, Germany
A.K. Kahi
Affiliation:
Animal Breeding and Genomics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Egerton University, PO Box 536, 20115 Egerton, Kenya
*
Correspondence to: Thomas Muasya, Department of Crops and Livestock Sciences, Humboldt University-Berlin, Philipp Straße 13, Haus 9, D-10115, Germany. email: [email protected]
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Summary

Pedigree data from 11 267 animals born between 1960 and 2004 were used to analyse population structure and genetic variability of the Holstein–Friesian population in Kenya. Parameters estimated were the pedigree completeness index, average inbreeding coefficient, number of founders, effective number of founders and ancestors, and genetically important herds. The hierarchy of registered herds and concentration of origin of individuals was also assessed. Pedigree completeness of the reference population was 67.1 percent. Average inbreeding level for the entire population was 0.09 and 1.7 percent among individuals with three complete generations, and 9.2 percent among inbred individuals. Inbreeding level increased with generation from 0.8 to 2.5 percent in the most recent generation among individuals with three complete generations. Effective number of founders and ancestors were 156 and 108, respectively. The ten ancestors with the largest marginal genetic contribution accounted for 19.52 percent of the total variation. The effective number of genetically important herds that contributed breeding males to the population was 5.2. Higher levels of inbreeding were detected among individuals with at least three complete generations. Few herds contributed breeding males, causing structural weakness to the breeding programme. Recruitment of herds into the breeding tier is needed to strengthen the breeding structure and pedigree recording enhanced to enable long-term management of genetic variability.

Résumé

Les données généalogiques de 11267 animaux nés entre 1960 et 2004 ont été utilisées pour analyser la structure et la variabilité génétique de la population Holstein-Frisonne au Kenya. Les paramètres estimés ont été l'indice de complétude de la généalogie, le coefficient moyen de consanguinité, le nombre de fondateurs et le nombre effectif de fondateurs, d'ancêtres et de troupeaux génétiquement importants. La hiérarchie des troupeaux inscrits et la concentration de l'origine des individus ont aussi été évaluées. Le degré de complétude de la généalogie pour la population de référence a été du 67,1%. Le niveau moyen de consanguinité a été de 0,09% pour la population entière, de 1,7% pour les individus ayant trois générations complètes et de 9,2% pour les individus consanguins. Le niveau de consanguinité a augmenté d'une génération à l'autre, passant de 0,8 à 2,5% pour la génération la plus récente des individus ayant trois générations complètes. Le nombre effectif de fondateurs et d'ancêtres a été de 156 et 108, respectivement. Les dix ancêtres avec la plus grande contribution génétique marginale ont expliqué le 19,52% de la variation totale. Le nombre effectif de troupeaux génétiquement importants ayant apporté des mâles reproducteurs à la population a été de 5,2. Les niveaux les plus élevés de consanguinité ont été décelés parmi les individus ayant au moins trois générations complètes. Peu de troupeaux ont apporté des mâles reproducteurs, ce qui affaiblit la structure du programme de sélection. Le recrutement de troupeaux aux différents étages du programme de sélection s'avère nécessaire pour renforcer la structure du programme et pour améliorer l'enregistrement des généalogies afin de permettre la gestion à long terme de la variabilité génétique.

Resumen

Los datos genealógicos de 11267 animales nacidos entre 1960 y 2004 fueron usados para analizar la estructura y la variabilidad genética de la población de ganado Holstein-Frisón en Kenia. Los parámetros estimados fueron el índice de compleción del pedigrí, el coeficiente medio de endogamia, el número de fundadores y el número efectivo de fundadores, de ancestros y de rebaños genéticamente importantes. También se evaluaron la jerarquía de los rebaños registrados y la concentración del origen de los individuos. El grado de compleción del pedigrí para la población de referencia fue del 67,1%. El nivel medio de endogamia fue del 0,09% para la población entera, de 1,7% para individuos con tres generaciones completas y de 9,2% para individuos endogámicos. El nivel de endogamia aumentó de una generación a otra pasando de 0,8% a 2,5% en la generación más reciente de individuos con tres generaciones completas. El número efectivo de fundadores y de ancestros fue de 156 y 108, respectivamente. Los diez ancestros con la mayor contribución genética marginal explicaron el 19,52% de la variación total. El número efectivo de rebaños genéticamente importantes que aportaron machos reproductores a la población fue de 5,2. Los mayores niveles de endogamia se detectaron entre los individuos con al menos tres generaciones completas. Fueron pocos los rebaños que aportaron machos reproductores, lo cual debilita la estructura del programa de mejora genética. La incorporación de rebaños a los distintos niveles del programa de cría se hace necesaria para fortalecer la estructura del programa y para mejorar el registro genealógico con el fin de posibilitar la gestión a largo plazo de la variabilidad genética.

Keywords

ancestorsdairy cattlefoundersgenetic importance of herdsKenyapedigreeancêtresfondateursimportance génétique des troupeauxgénéalogiebovins laitiersKenyaancestrosfundadoresimportancia genética de los rebañospedigríganado bovino lecheroKenia
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Genetic Resources/Resources génétiques animales/Recursos genéticos animales , Volume 52 , June 2013 , pp. 127 - 137
Copyright
Copyright © Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2013 

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