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PRESERVATION OF LIVESTOCK GENETIC RESOURCES IN BULGARIA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2011

Ts. Dimitrov  and
l. Dimitrova
Ts. Dimitrov
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Science, Kostinbrod 2232, Sofia, BLTLGARIA
l. Dimitrova
Affiliation:
Institute of Animal Science, Kostinbrod 2232, Sofia, BLTLGARIA
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Summary

The objective of this study is to present the local livestock breeds threatened with extinction as well to suggest an alternative initiative for their preservation and utilization. Both the geographical location and natural resources of Bulgaria are prerequisites for a large variety among species and strains of farm animals. Traditionally a considerable number of local breeds and strains have been bred on the territory of the country. In the recent 25–30 years an evident decline of their numbers is marked chiefly due to the introduction of high-productive, widespread breeds. This study presents the biological features of local indigenous breeds of farm animals threatened with extinction as well as the specificity of their region of location. The genetic research results based on polymorphism of serum blood proteins and blood groups are discussed. The diversity of indigenous sheep breeds is the largest, and 15 of them are under control. In latter years investigations show that they are 1.3 to 3.6 per cent from the total number of this species. The genetic analyses attest that these specific genetic resources can be used for keeping the genetic variety within and between sheep populations as well as for improving the adaptability of the newlyestablished breeds. Among the cattle two local breeds are of interest for genetic resources preservation purposes. As the most attractive emerges, Rhodope's Short-Horned cattle having unique biological characteristics as a representative of Bos Taunis in Europe and whose domain of location is over 1800 meters above sea level. The only impressive strain among the pig breeds has a different biological status from the well-known breeds on the European continent. The results of the present study show that the investigated indigenous breeds and strains are mainly located in mountainous regions considered as“hard”for farming. Thus, the preservation of genetic resources of local farm animals will contribute in using their valuable abilities of adaptation for breeding programmes in ecologically clear regions.

Resume

L'objectif de ce travail est de présenter la menace d'extinction des races locales d'animaux et de suggérer une initiative alternative pour leur conservation et utilisation. Aussi bien le site géographique que les ressources naturelles de la Bulgatie présentent les conditions nécessaires pour une grande variability entre espèces et races des animaux d'élevage. Traditionnellement, un grand nombre de races locales et espéces ont été croisés dans la zone. Dans 10 courant des dernières 2530 années, on a assists a une diminution importante de 1'effectif dù à une large introduction de race hautement productives. Cette étude présente les caractéristiques biologiques des races autochtones d'é1evage menacées d'extinction, ainsi que celles du site géographique. On présente également les résultats de la recherche génétique effectuée sur le polymorphisme des protéines du sérum et des groupes sanguins. La diversité plus importante se trouve chez les races ovines autochtones, et 15 de ces races sont sous contréle. Les recherches effectuées dans les derniéres années montrent que celles-ci représentent de 1.3 A 3.é pour cent du nombre total de cette espéce. Les analyses génétiques ont montré que cette spécifique ressource génétique peut étre utilisée pour conserver la variability génétique d l'intérieur et entre les populations ovine et aussi pour améliorer I'adaptabilité des races de nouvelles introduction. Partni les bovins on trouve deux races locales intéressantes dans le but de la conservation des ressources génétiques. Une des races bovine plus importante est la Rhodope's Short-Horned qui possède des caractéristiques biologiques uniques, representatives du Bos Taurus en Europe, avec une localisation dans les milieux se trouvant A 1800 m d'altitude. La seule race importante parmi 1'espéce porcine présente des caractéristiques biologiques différentes de celles bien connues parmi les races du continent européen. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que les races locales se trouvent principalement dans les régions de montagne, considérées, normalement, comme zones difficiles pour 1'é1evage. Pour tout ceci, la conservation des ressources génétiques des races locales d'é1evage pourra ètre utilisée pour leur remarquable capacité d'adaptation dans des programmes d'amélioration génétique pour les régions tempérées.

Keywords

LivestockGenetic resourcesIndigenous breedsBulgariaBétailressources génétiquesraces autochtonesBulgarie
Type
Research Articles
Information
Animal Genetic Resources/Resources génétiques animales/Recursos genéticos animales , Volume 14 , April 1994 , pp. 41 - 59
Copyright
Copyright © Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 1994

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