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On-farm characterization of the indigenous small East African Shorthorn Zebu cattle (SEAZ) in the Southeast rangelands of Kenya

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2011

J.M. Mwacharo
Affiliation:
National Range Research Centre-Kiboko P.O. Box 12, Makindu, Kenya
J.E.O. Rege
Affiliation:
International Livestock Research Institute, P.O. BOX 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Summary

The small East African short horned Zebu (SEAZ) is an important source of animal protein in Kenya. This indigenous genotype is well adapted to environmental stresses including endemic diseases of the tropics. However, literature available on its genetic potential is scarce. The Government of Kenya, in order to study this valuable germplasm in a systematic manner, has recently initiated some research and breed improvement programmes. This paper reports on some of the results of this work. Information was obtained-using a structured questionnaire administered to 430 farmers in Makueni, Kitui, Taita Taveta and Kajiado districts, Kenya. A multi-level stratified sampling technique was used to select the farmers to be interviewed. Utilization and reasons for preference of SEAZ cattle differed across and within districts in rankings. Generally, the SEAZ cattle are kept as multi-purpose animals and were mainly preferred to the exotic breeds due to their superior adaptive capacity to the local environmental stresses. Herd structures differed between the agro-pastoral and pastoral herds, but showed a management system that is subsistence oriented with milk production and draught power being the main objectives of herd owners. Breeding bulls were sourced from within or obtained from other herds for pure- or crossbreeding by natural, uncontrolled mating. Natural pastures, under continuous grazing were the main source of livestock feeds. The herds surveyed had advanced ages at first calving and prolonged calving intervals. The average milk production per day was 1.6 litres with significant differences being observed between districts, and hence Zebu strains, at the start and peak of lactation.

Résumé

La race de Zébu de petite taille à cornes courtes de l'Est africain (SEAZ) est une importante source de protéines au Kenya. Le génotype indigène est bien adatpé aux stress environnemental, y compris les maladies endémiques des tropiques. Cependant, il existe peu de litérature disponible sur son potentiel génétique. Le Gouvernement du Kenya, pour pouvoir étudier ce germoplams de grande valeur d'une façon systématique, a initié récemment quelques programmes de recherche et d'amélioration. Cet article présente les résultats de ce travail et l'information obtenue à travers un questionnaire soumis à 430 éleveurs dans les zones de Makueni, Kitui, Taita Taveta et Kajiado au Kenya. On a utilisé une technique d’échantillonage stratifié à différents niveaux pour sélectionner les éleveurs. L'utilisation et les raisons pour la préférence du SEAZ diffèrent à travers les zones et à l'intérieur même de celles-ci. En général, le SEAZ est utilisé à double propos et on les préfèrent aux races exotiques car plus adaptés aux stress du milieu. La strcture des troupeaux aussi diffère entre agro pastorale et pastorale, mais montre de prévalence une conduite de subsistence basé sur la production de lait et la traction. Les mâles reproducteurs sont choisi parmi le troupeau ou obtenu à travers d'autres troupeaux de race pure ou de croisement naturel non contrôlé. Les pâturages naturels sont la source principale d'alimentation de cet élevage. Les troupeaux contrôlés présentaient un âge avancé à la premiére mise bas et un interval entre mise bas prolongé. La moyenne de production laitière par jour était de 1,6 litres avec des différences importantes entre les zones observées et les lignées de Zébu, au début et au maximum de la période de lactation.

Type
Research Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2002

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