Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2brh9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-02T18:23:29.479Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

CYCLES OF DEATH AND REBIRTH IN MESOAMERICAN CULTURAL ASTRONOMY AND THE CALENDAR

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 December 2017

Anne S. Dowd*
Affiliation:
ArchæoLOGIC USA, LLC, Western Division, P.O. Box 4363, Vail, Colorado, 81658
*
E-mail correspondence to: [email protected]

Abstract

“Mesoamerican Cultural Astronomy and the Calendar” is a Special Section including articles that explore portions of Mesoamerica where astronomy and calendars were studied by Indigenous peoples. Scholars who are well known for innovative work in astronomy, such as Aveni, as well as Pineda de Carías, Rivera, and Argueta, consider topics that fall under the rubric of cultural astronomy. Epigraphers or experts in hieroglyphic writing, like Justeson and Vail, deal in explicit ways with issues related to calendar development. An art historian, Milbrath, weighs in on the meaning of astronomical and calendar themes using important documents incorporating both images and texts. An archaeologist, Dowd, and an architect, Carrasco, discuss architectural complexes with orientations significant in horizon-based astronomy. This rich cross-disciplinary collection of articles debuts new discoveries that interweave astronomy, time measurement, and ritual behavior commemorating cycles of death and rebirth among Maya peoples who lived between a.d. 225–1519 in what is now Honduras, Belize, Mexico, and Guatemala.

Type
Special Section: Mesoamerican Cultural Astronomy and the Calendar
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2017 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Aldana y Villalobos, Gerardo, and Barnhart, Edwin L. (editors) 2014 Archaeoastronomy and the Maya. Oxbow Books, Oxford.Google Scholar
Andrews, E. Wyllys IV 1968 Dzibilchaltun: A Northern Maya Metropolis. Archaeology 21:3647.Google Scholar
Ashmore, Wendy 1991 Site-Planning Principles and Concepts of Directionality among the Ancient Maya. Latin American Antiquity 2:199226.Google Scholar
Ashmore, Wendy 2015 Lived Experiences of Space, Time and Cosmovision. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 25:293297.Google Scholar
Ashmore, Wendy, and Sabloff, Jeremy A. 2000 El orden de espacio en los planes cívicos mayas. In Arquitectura e ideología de los antiguos mayas: Memoria de la Segunda Mesa Redonda de Palenque, edited by Tejo, S., pp. 1534. Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Ashmore, Wendy, and Sabloff, Jeremy A. 2002 Spatial Orders in Maya Civic Plans. Latin American Antiquity 13:201215.Google Scholar
Aveni, Anthony F. 1999 Astronomy in the Mexican Codex Borgia. Archaeoastronomy 24:S1S20.Google Scholar
Aveni, Anthony F. 2002 Empires of Time: Calendars, Clocks, and Cultures. Revised ed. University Press of Colorado, Boulder.Google Scholar
Aveni, Anthony F. 2014 Class Not Dismissed: Reflections on Undergraduate Education and Teaching in the Visual Arts. University Press of Colorado, Boulder.Google Scholar
Aveni, Anthony F. (editor) 2015 The Measure and Meaning of Time in Mesoamerica and the Andes. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Aveni, Anthony F., Dowd, Anne S., and Vining, Benjamin 2003 Maya Calendar Reform? Evidence from Orientations of Specialized Architectural Assemblages. Latin American Antiquity 14:159178.Google Scholar
Berkitt, Robert 2009 Appendix 1: Notes on Highland Maya Calendars, Robert Berkitt. In Maya Daykeeping: Three Calendars from Highland Guatemala, edited by Weeks, John M., Sachse, Frauke, and Prager, Christian M., pp. 162175. University of Colorado Press, Boulder.Google Scholar
Bricker, Harvey M., and Bricker, Victoria R. 2011 Astronomy in the Maya Codices. American Philosophical Society Memoirs 265. American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Bricker, Victoria R. 2001 A Method for Dating Venus Almanacs in the Borgia Codex. Archaeoastronomy 26. Supplement to the Journal of the History of Astronomy 32:S21S43.Google Scholar
Bricker, Victoria R., and Bricker, Harvey M. 2015 Some Alternative Eclipse Periodicies in Maya Codices. In Cosmology, Calendars, and Horizon-Based Astronomy in Ancient Mesoamerica, edited by Dowd, Anne S. and Milbrath, Susan, pp. 285299. University Press of Colorado, Boulder.Google Scholar
Brown, Linda A. 2015 When Pre-Sunrise Beings Inhabit a Post-Sunrise World: Time, Animate Objects, and Contemporary Tz'utujil Maya Ritual Practitioners. In The Measure and Meaning of Time in Mesoamerica and the Andes, edited by Aveni, Anthony F., pp. 5377. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Brumfiel, Elizabeth M. 2011 Technologies of Time: Calendrics and Commoners in Postclassic Mexico. Ancient Mesoamerica 22:5370.Google Scholar
Cases Martín, Juan Ignacio 2013 A Sky of Jewels: Cosmographic Elements in the Context of Classic Maya Lunar Series. Paper presented at the 78th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Honolulu.Google Scholar
Caso, Alfonso 1947 Calendario y escritura de las antiguas culturas de Monte Albán. Obras Completas de Miguel Othón de Mendizábal 1:113143.Google Scholar
Closs, Michael P., Aveni, Anthony F., and Crowley, Bruce 1984 The Planet Venus and Temple 22 at Copán. Indiana 9:221247.Google Scholar
Coe, Michael D., and Kerr, Justin 1998 The Art of the Maya Scribe. Harry N. Abrams, Inc., Publishers, New York.Google Scholar
Coltman, Jeremy 2015 In the Realm of the Witz’: Animate Rivers and Rulership among the Classic Maya. The PARI Journal 15(3):1530.Google Scholar
Dowd, Anne S. 1998 Lithic Procurement and Social Complexity in New York's Hudson River Valley. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Brown University, Providence.Google Scholar
Dowd, Anne S. 2017 More Than Smoke and Mirrors: Maya Temple Precincts and the Emergence of Religious Institutions in Mesoamerica. In Maya E Groups: Calendars, Astronomy, and Urbanism in the Early Lowlands, edited by Freidel, David A., Chase, Arlen F., Dowd, Anne S., and Murdock, Jerry, pp. 517577. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Dowd, Anne S. (editor) 2015 Cosmovision in New World Ritual Landscapes (Special Section). Cambridge Archaeological Journal 25:211297.Google Scholar
Dowd, Anne S., and Milbrath, Susan (editors) 2015 Cosmology, Calendars, and Horizon-based Astronomy in Ancient Mesoamerica. University Press of Colorado, Boulder.Google Scholar
Fitzsimmons, James L., and Shimada, Izumi (editors) 2011 Living with the Dead: Mortuary Ritual in Mesoamerica. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Freidel, David A., Chase, Arlen F., Dowd, Anne S., and Murdock, Jerry (editors) 2017 Maya E Groups: Early Calendars, Astronomy, and Urbanism in the Early Lowlands. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Freidel, David A., and Rich, Michelle 2015 Pecked Circles and Divining Boards: Calculating Instruments in Ancient Mesoamerica. In Cosmology, Calendars, and Horizon-Based Astronomy in Ancient Mesoamerica, edited by Dowd, Anne S. and Milbrath, Susan, pp. 249264. University Press of Colorado, Boulder.Google Scholar
Frischer, B., and Fillwalk, John 2012 The Digital Hadrian's Villa Project: Using Virtual Worlds to Control Suspected Solar Alignments. In Proc. VSMM2012 (Virtual Systems in the Information Society), edited by Guidi, Gabriele and Addison, Alonzo C., pp. 4955. IEEE, Milan.Google Scholar
Giron-Abrego, Mario 2013 A Late Preclassic Distance Number. The PARI Journal 13(4):812.Google Scholar
Gossen, Gary 1974 Chamulas in the World of the Sun: Time and Space in a Maya Oral Tradition. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Hafner, Albert, and Schlichtherle, Helmut 2006–2007 Neolithic and Bronze Age Lakeside Settlements in the Alpine Region: Threatened Archaeological Heritage Under Water and Possible Protection Measures–Examples from Switzerland and Southern Germany. In Heritage at Risk, edited by Petzet, Michael and Ziesemer, John, pp. 175180. International Council on Monuments and Sites, Rome.Google Scholar
Hodell, D., Anselmetti, F., Brenner, M., Ariztegui, D., and the PISDP Scientific Party 2006 The Lake Petén Itzá Scientific Drilling Project. Scientific Drilling 3:2529.Google Scholar
Inomata, Takeski, MacLellan, Jessica, Triadan, Daniela, Munson, Jessica, Burham, Melissa, Aoyama, Kazuo, Nasu, Hiroo, Pinzón, Flory, and Yonemobu, Hitoshi 2015 Development of Sedentary Communities in the Maya Lowlands: Coexisting Mobile Groups and Public Ceremonies at Ceibal, Guatemala. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112:42684273.Google Scholar
Iwaniszewski, Stanislaw 2013 The Length of the Year in Maya Calendar and Astronomy. In Ancient Cosmologies and Modern Prophets: Proceedings of the 20th Conference of the European Society for Astronomy in Culture, edited by Šprajc, Ivan and Pehani, Peter, pp. 287–303. Anthropological Notebooks, Year XIX. Slovene Anthropological Society, Ljubljana.Google Scholar
Justeson, John 1989 Ancient Maya Ethnoastronomy: An Overview of Hieroglyphic Sources. In World Archaeoastronomy, edited by Aveni, Anthony F., pp. 76129. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Justeson, John 2017 A Cyclic-Time Model for Eclipse Prediction in Mesoamerica and the Structure of the Eclipse Table in the Dresden Codex. Ancient Mesoamerica 28:507541.Google Scholar
Kelly, John E., and Brown, James A. 2014 Cahokia: The Processes and Principles of the Creation of an Early Mississippian City. In Making Ancient Cities: Space and Place in Early Urban Societies, edited by Creekmore, Andrew T. III and Fisher, Kevin D., pp. 292336. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Lacadena, Alfonso 2009 Escritura y lengua en Takálik Ab'aj: Problemas y propuestas. In XXIII Simposio de investigaciones arqueológicas en Guatemala, pp. 1027–1044. Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Ethología, Guatemala City.Google Scholar
Landau, Kristin 2015 Spatial Logic and Maya City Planning: The Case for Cosmology. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 25:275292.Google Scholar
Lounsbury, Floyd G. 1978 Maya Numeration, Computation, and Calendrical Astronomy. Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Vol. 15, Supplement 1, edited by Coulston-Gillespie, Charles, pp. 757818. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York.Google Scholar
Maholy-Nagy, Hattula, and Coe, William R. 2008 Tikal Report No. 27. William A. Haviland and Christopher Jones, series editors. University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Marcus, Joyce 1992 Mesoamerican Writing Systems: Propaganda, Myth, and History in Four Ancient Civilizations. Princeton University Press, Princeton.Google Scholar
McAnany, Patricia A. 2013 Living with the Ancestors: Kinship and Kingship in Ancient Maya Society. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Milbrath, Susan 1999 Star Gods of the Maya: Astronomy in Art, Folklore, and Calendars. University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
Milbrath, Susan 2013 Heaven and Earth in Ancient Mexico: Astronomy and Seasonal Cycles in the Codex Borgia. University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
Milbrath, Susan 2017a The Legacy of Preclassic Calendars and Solar Observation in Mesoamerica's Magic Latitude. In Maya E Groups: Calendars, Astronomy, and Urbanism in the Early Lowlands, edited by Freidel, David A., Chase, Arlen F., Dowd, Anne S., and Murdock, Jerry, pp. 95134. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Milbrath, Susan 2017b Maya Astronomical Observations and the Agricultural Cycle in the Postclassic Madrid Codex. Ancient Mesoamerica 28:489505.Google Scholar
Miles, Susanne W. 1952 An Analysis of Modern Middle American Calendars: A Study in Conservation. In Acculturation in the Americas: Proceedings and Selected Papers of the XXIX International Congress of the Americanists, edited by Tax, Sol, pp. 273284. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
Miles, Susanne W. 1957 The Sixteenth Century Pokom-Maya: A Documentary Analysis of Social Structure and Archaeological Setting. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 47:733781.Google Scholar
Morley, Sylvanus G. 1946 The Ancient Maya. 1st ed. Stanford University Press, Stanford.Google Scholar
Mueller, Andreas D., Islebe, Gerald A., Hillesheim, Michael B., Grzesik, Dustin A., Anselmetti, Flavio S., Ariztegui, Daniel, Brenner, Mark, Curtis, Jason H., Hodell, David A., and Venz, Kathryn A. 2009 Climate Drying and Associated Forest Decline in the Lowlands of Northern Guatemala during the Late Holocene. Quaternary Research 71:133141.Google Scholar
Nair, Stella 2015 Space and Time in the Architecture of Inca Royal Estates. In The Measure and Meaning of Time in Mesoamerica and the Andes, edited by Aveni, Anthony F., pp. 119139. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Peterson, Staffan 2011 Townscape Archaeology at Angel Mounds, Indiana: Mississippian Spatiality and Community. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Indiana University Bloomington, Indiana.Google Scholar
Prem, Hans J. 1971 Calendrics and Writing in Mesoamerica. In Observations on the Emergence of Civilization in Mesoamerica, edited by Heizer, Robert F. and Graham, John A., pp. 112132. Contributions of the University of California Archaeological Research Facility, No. 11. Department of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Rice, Prudence M. 2007 Maya Calendar Origins: Monuments, Mythistory, and the Materialization of Time. University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
Rice, Prudence M. 2014 Middle Preclassic Interregional Interaction and the Maya Lowlands. Journal of Archaeological Research 23:147.Google Scholar
Romey, Kristin 2015 Maya Shrine Reveals Arrival of “New World Order.” National Geographic News. Electronic document, http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2015/07/150724-Maya-hieroglyph-shrine-Tikal-Calakmul-Guatemala-archaeology-stele-discovery-Peten-epigraphy/, accessed August 6, 2016.Google Scholar
Rosenmeier, Michael F., Hodell, David A., Brenner, Mark, Curtis, Jason H., and Guilderson, Thomas P. 2002 A 4000-year Lacustrine Record of Environmental Change in the Southern Maya Lowlands, Petén, Guatemala. Quaternary Research 57:183190. Google Scholar
Roys, Ralph L. 1967[1933] The Book of Chilam Balam of Chumayel. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.Google Scholar
Nava, Sánchez, Francisco, Pedro, and Šprajc, Ivan 2015 Orientaciones astronómicas en la architectura maya de las tierras bajas . Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Satterthwaite, Linton 1965 Calendrics of the Maya Lowlands. In Archaeology of Southern Mesoamerica, Part 2, edited by Willey, Gordon R., pp. 603631. Handbook of Middle American Indians, Vol. 3. University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
Schiffer, Michael Brian 2013 The Archaeology of Science: Studying the Creation of Useful Knowledge. Springer, New York.Google Scholar
Sewell, William H. Jr. 2005 Logics of History: Social Theory and Social Transformation. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
Silva, Fabio, and Campion, Nicholas (editors) 2015 Skyscapes: The Role and Importance of the Sky in Archaeology. Oxbow Books, Oxford.Google Scholar
Smith, A. Ledyard 1950 Uaxactun, Guatemala: Excavations of 1931–1937. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Šprajc, Ivan 2004 The South-of-East Skew of Mesoamerican Architectural Orientations: Astronomy and Directional Symbolism. In Etno y Arqueoastronomía en las Américas, edited by Boccas, Maxime, Broda, Johanna, and Pereira, Gonzalo, pp. 161176. Memórias del Simposio ARQ-13 del 51 Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, Santiago de Chile.Google Scholar
Stross, Brian 1994 Maize and Fish: The Late Iconography of Power in Formative Mesoamerica. RES 25:935.Google Scholar
Stuart, David 2011 The Order of the Days: The Maya World and the Truth about 2012. Harmony Books, New York.Google Scholar
Trik, Aubrey S. 1963 The Splendid Tomb of Temple I at Tikal, Guatemala. Expedition Magazine 6:218.Google Scholar
Weeks, John M., Sachse, Frauke, and Prager, Christian M. 2009 Maya Daykeeping: Three Calendars from Highland Guatemala. University Press of Colorado, Boulder.Google Scholar
Zotti, Georg 2014 Towards Serious Gaming for Archaeoastronomical Simulation. Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry 14:271281.Google Scholar