Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T20:34:50.871Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A REGIONAL ASSESSMENT OF OBSIDIAN USE IN THE POSTCLASSIC AZTATLAN TRADITION

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 January 2021

Daniel E. Pierce Open the ORCID record for Daniel E. Pierce [Opens in a new window]
Daniel E. Pierce*
Affiliation:
Institut de recherche sur les Archéomatériaux—Centre de recherche en physique appliquée à l'archéologie, Université Bordeaux Montaigne, Maison de l'Archéologie, Esplanade des Antilles, 33607 Pessac, France
*
E-mail correspondence to: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Of the many items that were traded throughout the Postclassic (A.D. 850/900–1350) Aztatlan network, obsidian was perhaps the most prevalent. In this study, large assemblages of obsidian from five Aztatlan centers on the coastal plain are discussed: San Felipe Aztatan, Chacalilla, Amapa, Coamiles, and Peñitas. In total, over 12,000 obsidian artifacts were analyzed macroscopically and through handheld portable X-ray fluorescence. The results of these analyses illustrate regional patterns of obsidian use that appear consistent across the coastal plain. Generally, only three obsidian sources were used with frequency. The most proximal source was utilized for generalized reduction and probably acquired directly, while more distant obsidians from the Jalisco highlands are commonly found in the form of prismatic blades. These trends in obsidian use indicate an increase in source diversity concurrent with the development of the Aztatlan trade networks despite the local availability of quality obsidians. Finally, synchronic patterns of source distribution further indicate that sources were unevenly distributed as certain individuals likely had greater access to imported blades. In conclusion, this large study provides a regional perspective of obsidian use in Western Mexico on the coastal plain and showcases the pervasiveness of the obsidian trade during the Postclassic.

Type
Research Article
Information
Ancient Mesoamerica , Volume 33 , Issue 2 , Summer 2022 , pp. 383 - 402
Check for updates
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Anderson, J. Heath, and Hirth, Kenneth G. 2009 Obsidian Blade Production for Craft Consumption at Kaminaljuyu. Ancient Mesoamerica 20:163–172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andrefsky, William Jr. 2005 Lithics: Macroscopic Approaches to Analysis. 2nd ed. Cambridge Manuals in Archaeology, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anguiano, Mariana 1992 Nayarit: Costa y Antiplanicie en el Momento del Contacto. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Aoyama, Kazuo 1991 Lítica. In Investigaciones arqueologicas en la region de La Entrada, Vol. 2, edited by Nakamura, Seiichi, Aoyama, Kazuo, and Uratsuji, Eiji, pp. 39–203. Servicio de Voluntarios Japoneses para la Cooperacion con el Extranjero y el Instituto Hondureno de Antropología e Historia, San Pedro Sula.Google Scholar
Aoyama, Kazuo 2001 Classic Maya State, Urbanism, and Exchange: Chipped Stone Evidence of the Copán Valley and Its Hinterland. American Anthropologist 103:346–360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aoyama, Kazuo 2015 Symbolic and Ritual Dimensions of Exchange, Production, Use, and Deposition of Ancient Maya Obsidian Artifacts. In Obsidian Reflections: Symbolic Dimensions of Obsidian in Mesoamerica, edited by Levine, Marc and Carballo, David, pp. 127–158. University Press of Colorado, Boulder.Google Scholar
Beekman, Christopher S. 2010 Recent Research in Western Mexican Archaeology. Journal of Archaeological Research 18:41–109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, Betty 1958 The Decorated Pottery of Peñitas. Seminar on Western Mexican Archaeology (Anthropology 169A). Mimeographed, Department of Anthropology and Sociology, University of California, Los AngelesGoogle Scholar
Bell, Betty 1961 Analysis of Ceramic Style: A West Mexican Collection. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology and Sociology, University of California, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Bell, Betty 1971 Archaeology of Nayarit, Jalisco, and Colima. In Archaeology of Northern Mesoamerica, Part 2, edited by Elkholm, Gordon F. and Bernal, Ignacio, pp. 694–754. Handbook of Middle American Indians, Vol. 11, Robert Wauchope, general editor. University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
Beltran Medina, José Carlos 2000 Sitio arqueológico El Malinal de Higuers Blanca. UNIR 24–25:4–12. Universidad Autonoma de Nayarit, Tepic.Google Scholar
Binford, Lewis R. 1968 Archaeological Perspectives. In New Perspectives in Archeology, edited by Binford, Sally R. and Binford, Lewis R., pp. 5–32. Aldine, Chicago.Google Scholar
Binford, Lewis R. 1972 An Archaeological Perspective. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Binford, Lewis R. 1973 Interassemblage Variability—The Mousterian and the ‘Functional’ Argument. In The Explanation of Culture Change, edited by Renfrew, Colin, pp. 227–254. Duckworth, London.Google Scholar
Blanton, Richard E., Feinman, Gary M., Kowaleski, Stephen A., and Peregrine, Peter N. 1996 A Dual Processual Theory for the Evolution of Mesoamerican Civilization. Current Anthropology 37:1–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blanton, Richard E., and Fargher, Lane F. 2012 Market Cooperation and the Evolution of the Pre-Hispanic Mesoamerican World-System. In Routledge Handbook of World-Systems Analysis, edited by Babones, Salvatore J. and Chase-Dunn, Christopher, pp. 11–20. Routledge, London.Google Scholar
Blanton, Richard E., Fargher, Lane F., and Heredia Espinoza, Verenice Y. 2005 The Mesoamerican World of Goods and Its Transformation. In Settlement, Subsistence, and Social Complexity: Essays Honoring the Legacy of Jeffrey R. Parsons, edited by Blanton, Richard E., pp. 260–295. Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Boksenbaum, Martin, Tolstoy, Paul, Harbottle, Garman, Kimberlin, Jerome, and Nievens, Mary 1987 Obsidian Industries and Cultural Evolution in the Basin of Mexico before 500 B.C. Journal of Field Archaeology 14:65–75Google Scholar
Bordaz, Jacques 1964 Pre-Columbian Ceramic Kilns at Peñitas, A Post-Classic Site in Coastal Nayarit, México. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Columbia University, New York.Google Scholar
Bordes, François 1953 Essaie de classification des industries ‘moustériennes.’ Bulletin de la Société Préhistorique Française 50:457–466.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bordes, François 1969 Reflections on Typology and Techniques in the Palaeolithic. Arctic Anthropology 7-8:1–29.Google Scholar
Bordes, François 1978 Typological Variability in the Mousterian Layers at Pech de l'Aze I, II, and IV. Journal of Anthropological Research 34:181–193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braswell, Geoffrey E. 2003 Obsidian Exchange Spheres. In The Postclassic Mesoamerican World, edited by Smith, Michael E. and Berdan, Frances F., pp. 131–158. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Braswell, Geoffrey E. 2013 Ancient Obsidian Procurement and Production in the Peten Campechano. Indiana 30:149–171.Google Scholar
Braswell, Geoffrey E., Wyllys Andrews V., E., and Glascock, Michael D. 1994 The Obsidian Artifacts of Quelepa, E1 Salvador. Ancient Mesoamerica 5:173–192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braswell, Geoffrey E., Gunn, John D., del Rosario, Maria, Carrasco, Domínguez, Folan, William J., Fletcher, Laraine, Lopez, Abel Morales, and Glascock, Michael D. 2004 Defining the Terminal Classic at Calakmul. In The Terminal Classic in the Maya Lowlands: Collapse, Transition, and Transformation, edited by Demarest, Arthur A., Rice, Prudence, and Rice, Don S., pp. 162–194. University Press of Colorado, Boulder.Google Scholar
Braswell, Geoffrey E., Clark, John E., Aoyama, Kazuo, McKillop, Heather I., and Glascock, Michael D. 2000 Determining the Geological Provenance of Obsidian Artifacts from the Maya Region: A Test of the Efficacy of Visual Sorting. Latin American Antiquity 11:269–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braun, David P. 1983 Pots as Tools. In Archaeological Hammers and Theories, edited by Moore, James and Keene, Arthur, pp. 107–134. Academic Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carballo, David M., Carballo, Jennifer, and Neff, Hector 2007 Formative and Classic Period Obsidian Procurement in Central Mexico: A Compositional Study Using Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Latin American Antiquity 18:27–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cárdenas, Efraín 1996 La tradición arquitectónica de los patios hundidos en la vertiente del Lerma Medio. In Las cuencas del Occidente de México: Época prehispánica, edited by Williams, Eduardo and Weigand, Phil C., pp. 157–184. El Colegio de Michoacán, Zamora.Google Scholar
Cárdenas, Efraín 1999 El Bajío en el clásico. El Colegio de Michoacán, Zamora.Google Scholar
Carpenter, John P. 1996 El Ombligo en la Labor: Differentiation, Interaction and Integration in Prehispanic Sinaloa, Mexico. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson.Google Scholar
Carpio Rezzio, Edgar H. 1993 Obsidian at Balberta. In The Balberta Project: The Terminal Formative—Early Classic Transition on the Pacific Coast of Guatemala, edited by Bove, Frederick J., Medrano, Sonia B., Lou, Brenda P., and Arroyo, Barbara L., pp. 83–106. Memoirs in Latin American Archaeology, No. 6. University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh.Google Scholar
Clark, John E. 1982 Manufacture of Mesoamerican Prismatic Blades, an Alternative Technique. American Antiquity 42:355–376.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, John E. 1985 Platforms, Bits, Punches, and Vises: A Potpourri of Mesoamerican Blade Technology. Lithic Technology 14:1–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, John E. 1987 Politics, Prismatic Blades, and Mesoamerican Civilization. In The Organization of Core Technology, edited by Johnson, Jay K. and Morrow, Carol A., pp. 259–284. Westview Press, Boulder.Google Scholar
Clark, John E. 1997 Prismatic Blademaking, Craftsmanship, and Production: An Analysis of Obsidian Refuse from Ojo de Agua, Chiapas, Mexico. Ancient Mesoamerica 8:137–159.Google Scholar
Clark, John E. 2003a Craftsmanship and Craft Specialization. In Mesoamerican Lithic Technology: Experimentation and Interpretation, edited by Hirth, Kenneth, pp. 220–223. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Clark, John E. 2003b Review of Twentieth-Century Mesoamerican Obsidian Studies. In Mesoamerican Lithic Technology: Experimentation and Interpretation, edited by Hirth, Kenneth, pp. 15–54. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Clark, John E. 2007 In Craft Specialization's Penumbra: Things, Persons, Actions, Value, and Surplus. Archaeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association 17:320–335.Google Scholar
Clark, John E., and Bryant, Douglas D. 1997 A Technological Typology of Prismatic Blades and Debitage from Ojo de Agua, Chiapas, Mexico. Ancient Mesoamerica 8:111–136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, John E., Lee, Thomas A. Jr., and Salcedo, Tamara 1989 The Distribution of Obsidian. In Ancient Trade and Tribute: Economies of the Soconusco Region of Mesoamerica, edited by Voorhies, Barbara, pp. 268–284. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Coe, William R. 1959 Piedras Negras Archaeology: Artifacts, Caches, and Burials. University of Pennsylvania, University Museum Monographs. Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Crabtree, Donald 1968 Mesoamerican Polyhedral Cores and Prismatic Blades. American Antiquity 33:446–478.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daniels, James T. Jr., and Braswell, Geoffrey E. 2013 Procurement, Production and Distribution of Obsidian in the Southern Belize Region. Paper presented at the 11th Belize Archaeology Symposium, San Ignacio Cayo.Google Scholar
Darling, J. Andrew 1993 Notes on Obsidian Sources of the Southern Sierra Madre Occidental. Ancient Mesoamerica. 4:245–253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Darling, J. Andrew 1998 Obsidian Distribution and Exchange in the North-Central Frontier of Mesoamerica. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Darling, J. Andrew, and Hayashida, Frances M. 1995 Compositional Analysis of the Huitzila and La Lobera Obsidian Sources in the Southern Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 196:245–254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Darras, Véronique 1998 La obsidiana en la Relacion de Michoacán y en la realidad arqueológica: Del simbolo al uso o del uso de un simbolo. In Génesis, cultura, y espacios en Michoacán, edited by Darras, Véronique, pp. 61–88. Centro de Estudios Mexicanos y Centroamericanos, Mexico City.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Darras, Véronique 2008 Estragias para la producción de navajas de obsidiana en la región de Zacapu y la vertienete del Lerma (Michoacán, México) entre el epiclásico y el posclásico tardio. Ancient Mesoamerica 19:243–264.Google Scholar
Darras, Véronique 2012 Development of Pressure Blade Technology in North-Central and Western Mexico. In The Emergence of Pressure Blade Making: From Origin to Modern Experimentation, edited by Desrosiers, Pierre M., pp. 417–463. New York, Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drennan, Robert, Fitzgibbons, Philip T., and Dehn, Heinz 1990 Imports and Exports in Classic Mesoamerican Political Economy: The Tehuacán Valley and the Teotihuacán Obsidian Industry. Research in Economic Anthropology 12:177–199.Google Scholar
Duverger, Christian 1998 Coamiles, Nayarit: Hacia una periodizacion. In Antropologia e Historia del Occidente de Mexico, Vol. 1, edited by Rosa Margarita Brambila Paz, pp. 609–628. Memorias de la XXIV Mesa Redonda de las Sociedad Mexicana de Antropología. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico y Sociedad Mexicana de Antropología, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Duverger, Christian, and Levine, Daniel 1993 Informe relativa a la exploración arqueológica del sitio de Coamiles, municipio de Tuxpan, estado de Nayarit. Version mecanografiada. Archivo tecnico del Centro INAH Nayarit, Tepic.Google Scholar
Ekholm, Gordon F. 1942 Excavations at Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History 38:23–139.Google Scholar
Esparza-López, Rodrigo 2008 Los yacimientos de obsidiana de el Pedernal-La Mora: Una explotación constante durante el desarrollo de la tradición Teuchitlán. In Tradición Teuchitlán, edited by Weigand, Phil, Beekman, Christopher, and Esparza, Rodrigo-López, pp. 143–166. El Colegio de Michoacán y el Secretaria de Cultural del Estado de Jalisco, Zamora and Guadalajara.Google Scholar
Evans, Susan Toby 2004 Ancient Mexico and Central America. Thames and Hudson, London.Google Scholar
Flenniken, Jeffrey J., and Hirth, Kenneth G. 2003 Handheld Prismatic Blade Manufacture in Mesoamerica. In Experimentation and Interpretation in Mesoamerican Lithic Technology, edited by Hirth, Kenneth, pp. 98–107. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Foster, Michael S. 1986 The Mesoamerican Connection: A View from the South. In Ripples in the Chichimec Sea: New Considerations of Southwestern-Mesoamerican Interactions, edited by Mathien, Frances J. and McGuire, Randall H., pp. 55–69. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.Google Scholar
Foster, Michael S. 1999 The Aztatlán Tradition of West and Northwest Mexico and Casas Grandes: Speculations on the Medio Period Florescence. In The Casas Grandes World, edited by Schaafsma, Curtis F. and Riley, Carroll L., pp. 149–163. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Foster, Michael S. 2001 Guasave and Related Sites (Sinaloa, Mexico). In Archaeology of Ancient Mexico and Central America: An Encyclopedia, edited by Evans, Susan Toby and Webster, David L., pp. 304–306. Garland Publishing, Inc., New York and London.Google Scholar
GamezEternod, Lorena, and Ambriz, Mauricio Garduño 2003 Rescate arqueológico CECYTEN, Plantel 06 San Felipe Aztatán, Municipio de Tecuala (Nayarit). Reporte tecnico de los trabajos de sondeo/ Análisis de materiales arqueologicos. Archivo Tecnico del Centro INAH Nayarit, Tepic.Google Scholar
Garduño Ambriz, Mauricio 2006 Investigaciones arqueologicas en Cerrro de Coamiles, Nayarit. Reporte tecnico final de la primera temporada de campo (2005). Archivo Tecnico del Centro INAH Nayarit, Tepic.Google Scholar
Garduño Ambriz, Mauricio 2007 Arqueologia de rescate en la cuenca inferior del Río Acaponeta. Diario de Campo. Boletin Interno de los Investigadores del Area de Antropologia, CONACULTA-INAH 92:36–52.Google Scholar
Garduño Ambriz, Mauricio 2013 Analsis de materiales de excavacion del Proyecto Arqueologico Coamiles (2005–2010). Reporte tecnico del analisis ceramic/Temporadas 2007 y 2008. Archivo Tecnico del Centro INAH Nayarit, Tepic.Google Scholar
Garduño Ambriz, Mauricio, and Eternod, Lorena Gamez 2005 Programa emergente de rescate arquelogico en San Felipe Aztatán, Municipio de Tecuala (Nayarit). Informe tecnico final/Trabajos de Sondeo Arqueologico. Archivo Tecnico Centro INAH Nayarit, Tepic.Google Scholar
Glascock, Michael, Weigand, Phil, Esparza-López, R, Ohnersorgen, Michael, Ambriz, Mauricio Garduño, Mountjoy, Joseph, and Andrew Darling, J. 2010 Geochemical Characterization of Obsidian Sources in Western Mexico: The Sources of Jalisco, Nayarit, and Zacatecas. In Crossing the Straits: Prehistoric Obsidian Source Exploitation along the Pacific Rim, edited by Kuzmin, Yaroslav V. and Glascock, Michael D., pp. 201–217. BAR International Series S2152. Archaeopress, Oxford.Google Scholar
Glassow, Michael A. 1967 The Ceramics of Huistla, a West Mexico Site in the Municipality of Etzatlan, Jalisco. American Antiquity 32:64–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Golitko, Mark, and Feinman, Gary 2015 Procurement and Distribution of Pre-Hispanic Mesoamerican Obsidian 900 BC–AD 1520: A Social Network Analysis. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 22:206–247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grosscup, Gordon Leonard 1961 A Sequence of Figurines from West Mexico. American Antiquity 26:390–406.Google Scholar
Grosscup, Gordon Leonard 1964 The Ceramics of West Mexico. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Grosscup, Gordon Leonard 1976 The Ceramic Sequence at Amapa In The Archaeology of Amapa. Edited by Clement Meighan. Monumenta Archaeologica 2. The Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Guevara López, Germán 1981 Reporte de la Zona Arqueológica de Chaclilla, Municipio de San Blas, Nayarit. Cuadernos de los Centros Regionales: Occidente No. 1. Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Haines, Helen R., and Michael D., Glascock 2012 Intra-Site Obsidian Distribution and Consumption Patterns in Northern Belize and the North-Eastern Peten. BAR International Series 2326. University College London, London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harbottle, Garman, Neff, Hector, and Bishop, Ronald L. 1999 Appendix C: The Sources of Copan Valley Obsidian. In Ceramics and Artifacts from Excavations in the Copan Residential Zone, edited by Willey, Gordon R., Leventhal, Richard M., Demerest, Arthur A., and Fash, William L. Jr., pp. 445–457. Papers of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Volume 80. Peabody Museum Press, Harvard University, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Hayden, Brian 1998 Practical and Prestige Technologies: The Evolution of Material Systems. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 5:1–55.Google Scholar
Healan, Dan M. 1997 Pre-Hispanic Quarrying in the Ucareo-Zinapécuaro Obsidian Source Areas. Ancient Mesoamerica 8:77–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Healan, Dan M. 2009 Ground Platform Preparation and the Analization of the Prismatic Blade in Western Mesoamerica. Ancient Mesoamerica 20:103–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hernández, Christine L., and Healan, Dan M. 2008 The Role of Late Pre-Contact Colonial Enclaves in the Development of the Postclassic Ucareo Valley, Michoacán, Mexico. Ancient Mesoamerica 19:265–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hester, Thomas R., Jack, Robert N., and Heizer, Robert F. 1971 The Obsidian of Tres Zapotes, Veracruz, Mexico. Contributions of the University of California Archeology Research Facility 13:65–131.Google Scholar
Hirth, Kenneth G. 1998 The Distributional Approach: A New Way to Identify Marketplace Exchange in the Archaeological Record. Current Anthropology 39:451–476.Google Scholar
Hirth, Kenneth G. 2000 Ancient Urbanism at Xochicalco: The Evaluation and Organization of a Pre-Hispanic Society. Archaeological Research at Xochicalco, Vol. 1. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Hirth, Kenneth G. 2002 Provisioning Constraints and the Production of Obsidian Prismatic Blades at Xochicalco. In Pathways to Prismatic Blades: A Study in Mesoamerican Obsidian Core-Blade Technology, edited by Hirth, Kenneth and Andrews, Bradford, pp. 81–90. Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Hirth, Kenneth G. 2003 Handheld Prismatic Blade Manufacture in Mesoamerica. In Experimentation and Interpretation in Mesoamerican Lithic Technology, edited by Hirth, Kenneth, pp. 98–107. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Hirth, Kenneth G. 2008 The Economy of Supply: Modeling Obsidian Procurement and Craft Provisioning at a Central Mexican Urban Center. Latin American Antiquity 19:435–457.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirth, Kenneth G. 2016 The Aztec Economic World: Merchant and Markets in Ancient Mesoamerica. Cambridge University Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirth, Kenneth G., Cyphers, Ann, Cobean, Robert, de León, Jason, and Glascock, Michael D. 2013 Early Olmec Obsidian Trade and Economic Organization at San Lorenzo. Journal of Archaeological Science 40:2784–2798.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holliday, Adrian 2018 Understanding Intercultural Communication: Negotiating a Grammar of Culture. 2nd ed. Routledge, London.Google Scholar
Jackson, Thomas L., and Love, Michael W. 1991 Blade Running: Middle Preclassic Obsidian Exchange and Introduction of Prehispanic Blades at La Blanca, Guatemala. Ancient Mesoamerica 2:47–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Betts, Jiminez, Peter, F., and Andrew Darling, J. 2000 Archaeology of Southern Zacatecas: The Malpaso, Juchipila, and Valparais-Bolanos Valleys. In Greater Mesoamerica: The Archaeology of West and Northwest Mexico, edited by Foster, Michael S. and Gorenstein, Shirley, pp. 155–180. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Jiminez Betts, Peter F. 2018 Orienting West Mexico. The Mesoamerican World System 200–1200 CE. Ph.D. dissertation, Faculty of Arts, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg.Google Scholar
Johnson, Lucas R. Martindale 2016 Towards an Itinerary of Stone: Investigating the Movement, Crafting, and Use of Obsidian form Caracol, Belize. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Keesing, Roger M. 1974 Theories of Culture. Annual Review of Anthropology 3:73–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelley, J. Charles 1995 Trade Goods, Traders and Status in Northwestern Greater Mesoamerica. In The Gran Chichimeca: Essays on the Archaeology and Ethnohistory of Northern Mesoamerica, edited by Reyman, Jonathan E., pp. 102–145. Avebury Worldwide Archaeology Series 12. Ashgate Pubishing Company, Brookfiel.Google Scholar
Kelley, J. Charles 2000 The Aztatlán Mercantile System: Mobile Traders and the Northwestern Expansion of Mesoamerican Civilization. In Greater Mesoamerica: The Archaeology of West and Northwest Mexico, edited by Foster, Michael and Gorenstein, Shirley, pp. 137–154. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Kelly, Isabel T. 1938 Excavations at Chametla, Sinaloa. Edited by Carl Sauer, Herbert Bolton, and Alfred Kroeber. Ibero-Americana 1. University of California Press, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Kelly, Isabel T. 1939 An Archaeological Reconnaissance of the West Coast: Nayarit to Michoacán. International Congress of Americanists 2:74–77.Google Scholar
Kelly, Isabel T. 1945 Excavations at Culiacan, Sinaloa. Ibero-Americana 25. University of California Press, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Kepecs, Susan, Feinman, Gary, and Boucher, Sylviane 1994 Chichén Itzá and Its Hinterland. Ancient Mesoamerica 5:141–158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, Stacie M. 2008 Interregional Networks of the Oaxacan Early Postclassic: Connecting the Coast and the Highlands. In After Monte Albán: Transformation and Negotiation in Oaxaca, Mexico, edited by Blomster, Jeffrey A., pp. 255–291. University Press of Colorado, Boulder.Google Scholar
Lekson, Stephen H. 1999 The Chaco Meridian: Centers of Political Power in the Ancient Southwest. AltaMira Press, Walnut Creek.Google Scholar
Levine, Marc 2015a Reflections on Obsidian Studies in Mesoamerica: Past, Present, and Future. In Obsidian Reflections: Symbolic Dimensions of Obsidian in Mesoamerica, edited by Levine, Marc and Carballo, David, pp. 3–41. University of Colorado Press, Boulder.Google Scholar
Levine, Marc 2015b Obsidian Obsessed? Examining Patterns of Chipped-Stone Procurement at Late Postclassic Tututepec, Oaxaca. In Obsidian Reflections: Symbolic Dimensions of Obsidian in Mesoamerica, edited by Marc Levine and David Carballo, pp. 159–191. University Press of Colorado, Boulder.Google Scholar
Levine, Marc, and Carballo, David (editors) 2015 Obsidian Reflections: Symbolic Dimensions of Obsidian in Mesoamerica. University Press of Colorado, Boulder.Google Scholar
Liot, Catherine, Ramirez, Susana, Reveles, Javier, and Melgarejo, Carmen 2007 Producción, distribución y relaciones interregionales en la Cuenca de Sayula del 500–1100 d.C. In Dinámicas culturales, entre el Occidente el centro-norte y la Cuenca de México, del preclásico al epiclásico, edited by Faugére, Brigitte, pp. 165–200. El Colegio de Michoacán. Zamara and Centre d'Etudes Mexicaines et Centramericaines, Mexico.Google Scholar
Liot, Catherine, Susana Ramirez, Reveles, Javier, and Schondube, Otto 2006 Transformaciones socioculturales y tecnológicas en el sitio de La Pena, Cuenca de Sayula, Jalisco. Universidad de Guadalajara and Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Guadalajara.Google Scholar
Love, Michael W. 1999 Ideology, Material Culture, and Daily Practice in Preclassic Mesoamerica: A Pacific Coast Perspective. In Social Patterns in Pre-Classic Mesoamerica, edited by Grove, David and Joyce, Rosemary, pp. 121–153. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington DC.Google Scholar
Love, Michael W., and Jackson, Thomas L. 1998 Intercambio y consumo de obsidiana en la Costa Sur de Guatemala. In Taller arqueología de la Región de la Costa Sur de Guatemala, edited by Schieber de Lavarreda, Christa, pp. 101–125. Ministerio de Cultura y Deportes, Retalhuleu.Google Scholar
Mathien, Frances, and McGuire, Randall H. (editors) 1986 Ripples in the Chichimec Sea: New Considerations of Southwestern-Mesoamerican Interactions. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.Google Scholar
Mathiowetz, Michael 2011 The Diurnal Path of the Sun: Ideology and Interregional Interaction in Ancient Northwest Mesoamerica and the American Southwest. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Riverside.Google Scholar
Mathiowetz, Michael 2018a The Sun Youth of the Casas Grandes Culture, Chihuahua, Mexico (AD 1200–1450). KIVA 84:367–390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mathiowetz, Michael 2018b A History of Cacao in West Mexico: Implications for Mesoamerica and U.S. Southwest Connections. Journal of Archaeological Research 27:1–47.Google Scholar
McKillop, Heather I. 1995 The Role of Northern Ambergris Caye in Maya Obsidian Trade: Evidence from Visual Sourcing and Blade Technology. In Maya Maritime Trade, Settlement, and Populations on Ambergris Caye, Belize, edited by Guderjan, Thomas and Garber, James, pp. 163–174. Maya Research Program and Labyrinthos, Lancaster.Google Scholar
Meighan, Clement W. (editor) 1976 The Archaeology of Amapa, Nayarit. Monumenta Archaeologica 2. Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Miller, Mary, and Taube, Karl 1993 An Illustrated Dictionary of the Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya. Thames and Hudson, London.Google Scholar
Millet, Paul 2001 Productive to Some Purpose? The Problem of Ancient Economic Growth. In Economies Beyond Agriculture in the Classical World, edited by Mattingly, David J. and Salmon, John, pp. 17–48. Routledge, London.Google Scholar
Moholy-Nagy, Hattula, and Nelson, Fred W. 1990 New Data on Sources of Obsidian Artifacts from Tikal Guatemala. Ancient Mesoamerica 1:71–80CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moholy-Nagy, Hattula, Asaro, Frank, and Stross, Fred H 1984 Tikal Obsidian: Sources and Typology. American Antiquity 49:104–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moholy-Nagy, Hattula, James Meierhoff, Mark Golitko, and Kestle, Caleb 2013 An Analysis of pXRF Obsidian Source Attributions for Tikal, Guatemala. Latin American Antiquity 24:72–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Motolinía, Fray Toribio de Benavente 1950 Motolinía's History of the Indians of New Spain. Translated by Audros Foster, H.. The Cortés Society, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Mountjoy, Joseph B. 1970 Prehispanic Culture History and Cultural Contact on the Southern Coast of Nayarit, Mexico. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale.Google Scholar
Mountjoy, Joseph B. 1990 El desarollo de la cultura Aztatlán visto desde su frontera suroeste. In Mesoamerica y norte de Mexico, siglo IX–XII, Vol. 2, edited by Miranda, Federica, pp. 541–564. Museo Nacional de Antropología, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Mountjoy, Joseph B. 2000 Prehispanic Cultural Development along the Southern Coast of West Mexico. In Greater Mesoamerica: The Archaeology of West and Northwest Mexico, edited by Foster, Michael S. and Gorenstein, Shirley, pp. 81–106. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Mountjoy, Joseph B. 2001 Aztatlán Complex. In Archaeology of Ancient Mexico and Central America: An Encyclopedia, edited by Evans, Susan Toby and Webster, David L., pp. 57–59. Garland Publishing, New York and London.Google Scholar
Nicholson, Henry B., and Quinones Keber, Eloise (editors) 1994 Mixteca-Puebla: Discoveries and Research in Mesoamerican Art and Archaeology. Labyrinthos Press, Culver City.Google Scholar
Odell, George 2004 Lithic Analysis. Plenum Publishers, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohnersorgen, Michael A. 2004 Informe tecnico final de proyecto “Investigaciones arqueologica preliminar de Chacalilla, Nayarit, Mexico, temporada 2003.” Manuscript on file, Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Historia (INAH), Centro INAH Nayarit, Tepic.Google Scholar
Ohnersorgen, Michael A. 2007 La organizacion socio-economica y la interaccion regional de un centro Aztatlán: Investigaciones arqueologicos en Chacalilla, Nayarit. Informe tecnico parcial, temporada de 2005. Manuscript on file, Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Historia (INAH), Centro INAH Nayarit, Tepic.Google Scholar
Ohnersorgen, Michael A., Glascock, Michael D., Mountjoy, Joseph B., and Ambriz, Mauricio Garduño 2012 Chemical Analysis of Obsidian Artifacts from the West Coast of Mexico: Implications for Regional and Interregional Economic Organization. Manuscript on file, Department of Anthropology, University of Missouri, St. Louis.Google Scholar
Perez, Manuel, Gamez, Lorena, and Ambriz, Mauricio Garduño 2000 Proyecto de salvamento arqueologico “Entronque San Blas Mazatlan, tramo Nayarit.” Informe tecnico, trabajos de reconocimiento de superficie y excavacion (julio–noviembre de 1998). Direccion de Salvamento Arqueológico/Centro INAH Nayarit, Tepic.Google Scholar
Pierce, Daniel E. 2015a Visual and Geochemical Analyses of Obsidian Source Use at San Felipe Aztatán, México. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 40:266–279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pierce, Daniel E. 2015b Portable X-ray Fluorescence Analysis of Obsidian Polyhedral Cores Curated at the Museum of Sentispec. Technical report on file, University of Missouri Research Reactor, University of Missouri, Columbia.Google Scholar
Pierce, Daniel E. 2015c Portable X-ray Fluorescence Analysis of Obsidian Polyhedral Cores Curated at the Municipal Museum of Amapa. Technical report on file, University of Missouri Research Reactor, University of Missouri, Columbia.Google Scholar
Pierce, Daniel E. 2016 Volcán las Navajas: The Chemical Characterization and Usage of a West Mexican Obsidian Source in the Aztatlán Tradition. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 6:603–609.Google Scholar
Pierce, Daniel E. 2017a Obsidian Source Distribution and Mercantile Hierarchies in Post Classic Aztatlán West Mexico. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Department of Anthropology, University of Missouri, Columbia.Google Scholar
Pierce, Daniel E. 2017b Finding Class in the Glass: Obsidian Source as a Costly Signal. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 48:217–232.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plourde, Aimee 2008 The Origins of Prestige Goods as Honest Signals of Skill and Knowledge. Human Nature 19:374–388.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pollard, Helen P. 1972 Prehispanic Urbanism at Tintzuntzan, Michoacán. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Columbia University, New York.Google Scholar
Pollard, Helen P. 1993 Tariacuri's Legacy: The Prehispanic Tarascan State. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.Google Scholar
Pollard, Helen P., Hirshman, Amy, Neff, Hector, and Glascock, Michael D. 2001 Las élites, el intercambio de bienes y el surgimeniento del área nuclear tarasca: Análisis de la cerámica de la cuenca de Pátzcuaro. In Estudios cerámicos en el Occidente y norte de Mexico, edited by Williams, Eduardo and Weigand, Phil C., pp. 289–310. El Colegio de Michoacán and Instituto Michoacáno de Cultura, Zamora and Michoacán.Google Scholar
Ponomarenko, Alyson L. 2004 The Pachuca Obsidian Source, Hidalgo, Mexico: A Geoarchaeological Perspective. Geoarchaeology: An International Journal 19:71–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Price, T. Douglas, and Burton, James H. 2012 An Introduction to Archaeological Chemistry. Springer, New York.Google Scholar
Publ, Helmut 1986 Prehispanic Exchange Networks and the Development of Social Complexity in Western Mexico: The Aztatlán Interaction Sphere. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale.Google Scholar
Publ, Helmut 1990 Interaction Spheres, Merchants, and Trade in Prehispanic West Mexico. Economic Research in Anthropology 12:201–242.Google Scholar
Quinn, Colin 2015 Signals in Stone: Exploring the Role of Social Exchange, Conspicuous Consumption, and Costly Signaling Theory in Lithic Analysis. In Lithic Technological Systems and Evolutionary Theory, edited by Goodale, Nathan and Andrefsky, William Jr., pp. 198–221. Cambridge University Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Railey, Jim A., and Gonzalez, Eric J. 2014 The Problems with Flake Types and the Case for Attribute Analysis of Debitage Assemblages. In Works in Stone: Contemporary Perspectives on Lithic Analysis, edited by Shott, Michael J., pp. 11–32. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Rebnegger, Karin J. 2010 Obsidian Production and Changing Consumption in the Lake Patzcuaro Basin, Michoacán, Mexico. Ancient Mesoamerica 21:78–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Renfrew, Colin 1977 Alternative Models for Exchange and Spatial Distribution. In Exchange Systems in Prehistory, edited by Earle, Timothy K. and Ericson, Jonathon E., pp. 71–90. Academic Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reveles, Javier 2005 La lítica de la Cuenca de Sayula. In Arqueología de la Cuenca de Sayula, edited by Valdez, Francisco, Schondube, Otto, and Emphoux, Jean Pierre, pp. 349–368. Universidad de Guadalajara-Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, Guadalajara.Google Scholar
Sánchez, Sergio, and Marmolejo, Emma G. 1990 Algunas apreciaciones sobre el clásico en el bajío central, Guanajuato. In La época clásica: Nuevos hallazgos, nuevas ideas, edited by de Méndez, Amalia Cardós, pp. 267–278. INAH/Museo Nacional de Antropología, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Sánchez Polo, José Rómulo 1991 Las navajas de obsidiana de Kaminlajuyu'/San Jorge: Un estudio tecnologico funcional. Unpublished licenciatura thesis, Escuela de Historia, Área de Arqueologia, Universidad de San Carlos Borromeo de Guatemala, Guatemala City.Google Scholar
Sanders, William, and Santley, Robert S. 1983 Prehistoric Settlements Patterns: Essays in Honor of Gordon R. Willey. In Prehistoric Settlement Patterns: Essays in Honor of Gordon R. University of New Mexico Press and Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, edited by Vogt, Evan Z. and Levanthal, Richard M., pp. 243–291. Harvard University, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Santley, Robert S. 1984 Obsidian Exchange, Economic Stratification, and the Evolution of Complex Society in the Basin of Mexico. In Trade and Exchange in Early Mesoamerica, edited by Hirth, Kenneth G., pp. 43–86. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Santley, Robert S., Kerley, Janet, and Kneebone, Ronald 1986 Obsidian Working, Long-Distance Exchange, and the Politico-Economic Organization of Early States in Central Mexico. In Research in Economic Anthropology, Supplement 2, edited by Isaac, Barry, pp. 101–132. JAI Press, Greenwich.Google Scholar
Sauer, Carl, and Brand, Donald 1932 Aztatlán: Prehistoric Mexican Frontier on the Pacific Coast. Ibero-Americana 1. University of California Press, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Saunders, Nicholas J. 2001 A Dark Light: Reflections on Obsidian in Mesoamerica. World Archaeology 33:220–236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saunders, Nicholas J. 2004 The Cosmic Earth: Materiality and Mineralogy in the Americas. In Soil, Stones and Symbols: Cultural Perceptions of the Mineral World, edited Boivin, Nicole and Owoc, Mary Ann, pp. 123–141. UCL Press, London.Google Scholar
Schortman, Edward 1989 Interregional Interaction in Prehistory: The Need for a New Perspective. American Antiquity 54:52–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, Stuart D., and Foster, Michael S. 2000 The Prehistory of Mexico's Northwest Coast: A View from the Marismas Nacionales of Sinaloa and Nayarit. In Greater Mesoamerica: The Archaeology of West and Northwest Mexico, edited by Foster, Michael S. and Gorenstein, Shirley, pp. 107–135. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Shackley, Steven. M, 2005 Obsidian: Geology and Archaeology in the North American Southwest. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Sharer, Robert J. 1983 Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Study of Mesoamerica Highland-Lowland Interaction: A Summary View. In Highland-Lowland Interaction in Mesoamerica: Interdisciplinary Approaches, edited Miller, Arthur G., pp. 241–263. Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Sidrys, Raymond V. 1977 Mass-Distance Measures for the Maya Obsidian Trade. In Exchange Statistics in Prehistory, edited by Earle, Timothy K. and Ericson, Jonathon E., pp. 91–107. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Silva de la Mora, Flavio G. 2018 Obsidian Procurement and Distribution in the Northwest Maya Lowlands during the Maya Classic: A Regional Perspective. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 18:577–586.Google Scholar
Smith, Michael E. 2003 Key Commodities. In The Postclassic Mesoamerican World, edited by Smith, Michael E. and Berdan, Frances F., pp. 117–125. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Smith, Michael E., and Heath-Smith, Cynthia M. 1980 Waves of Influence in Postclassic Mesoamerica? A Critique of the Mixteca-Puebla Concept. Anthropology 4:15–50.Google Scholar
Soto de Arachevaleta, M. Dolores 1982 Análisis de la tecnología de producción del taller de obsidiana de Guachimonton, Teuchitlán, Jalisco, México. Unpublished licenciatura thesis, Department of Anthropology, Escuela Nacional de Antropologia e Historia, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Spence, Michael W. 1981 Obsidian Production and the State in Teotihuacán. American Antiquity 46:769–788.Google Scholar
Spence, Michael W. 1996 Commodity or Gift: Teotihuacan Obsidian in the Maya Region. Latin American Antiquity 7:21–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spence, Michael W. 2000 From Tzintzuntzan to Paquime: Peers or Peripheries in Greater Mesoamerica? In Greater Mesoamerica: The Archaeology of West and Northwest Mexico, edited by Foster, Michael S. and Gorenstein, Shirley, pp. 255–261. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake CityGoogle Scholar
Spence, Michael W., Weigand, Phil C., and de Arechavaleta, M. Dolores Soto 2002 Production and Distribution of Obsidian Artifacts in Western Jalisco. In Pathways to Prismatic Blades: A Study in Mesoamerican Core-Blade Technology, edited by Hirth, Kenneth G. and Andrews, Bradford, pp. 61–80. Monograph 45. Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stark, Barbara L. 2000 Framing the Gulf Olmec. In Olmec Art and Archaeology in Mesoamerica, edited by Clark, John E. and Pye, Mary E., pp. 31–53. National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Stark, Barbara L. 2007 Out of Olmec. In The Political Economy of Ancient Mesoamerica: Transformations during the Formative and Classic Period, edited by Scarborough, Vernon L. and Clark, John E., pp. 47–63. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Stark, Barbara L., Boxt, Matthew A., Gasco, Janine, González Lauck, Rebecca B., Hedgepeth Balkin, Jessica D., Joyce, Arthur A., King, Stacie M., Knight, Robert Kruge, Charles L.F., Levine, Marc N., Lesure, Richard G., Mendelsohn, Rebecca, Navarro-Castillo, Marx, Neff, Hector, Ohnersorgen, Michael, Pool, Christopher A., Mark Raab, L., Rosenswig, Robert, Venter, Marcie, Voorhies, Barbara, Williams, David T., and Workinger, Andrew 2016 Economic Growth in Mesoamerica: Obsidian Consumption in the Coastal Lowlands. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 41:263–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tabares, A. Natasha., Love, Michael W., Speakman, Robert J., Neff, Hector, and Glascock, Michael D. 2005 Straight from the Source: Obsidian Prismatic Blades at El Ujuxte. In Laser Ablation ICP-MS in Archaeological Research, edited by Speakman, Robert J. and Neff, Hector, pp. 16–27. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Taube, Karl 1991 Obsidian Polyhedral Cores and Prismatic Blades in the Writing and Art of Ancient Mexico. Ancient Mesoamerica 2:61–70.Google Scholar
Tenorio, Dolores, Jiménez-Reyes, Melania, Esperaza-López, Rodrigo, Calligaro, Thomas, and Grave-Tirado, Luis Alfonso 2015 The Obsidian of Southern Sinaloa: New Evidence of Aztatlán Networks through PIXE. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 4:106–110.Google Scholar
Titmus, Gene, and Clark, John 2003 Mexica Blade Making with Wooden Tools: Recent Experimental Insights. In Mesoamerican Lithic Technology: Experimentation and Interpretation, edited by Hirth, Kenneth E., pp. 72–97. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Tolstoy, Paul, Fish, Suzanne K., Boksenbaum, Martin W., Vaughn, Kathryn B., and Earle Smith, C. 1977 Early Sedentary Communities of the Basin of Mexico. Journal of Field Archaeology 4:91–106.Google Scholar
Trombold, Charles D., Luhr, James F., Hasenaka, Toshiaki, and Glascock, Michael D. 1993 Chemical Characteristics of Obsidian from Archaeological Sites in Western Mexico and the Tequila Source Area: Implications for Regional and Pan-Regional Interaction within the Northern Mesoamerican Periphery. Ancient Mesoamerica 4:255–270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
VanPool, Todd. L., VanPool, Christine S., and Rakita, Gordon 2008 Birds, Bells, and Shells: The Long Reach of the Aztatlán Trading Tradition. In Touching the Past: Traditions of Casas Grandes, edited by Nielsen, Glenna, pp. 5–14. BYU University Press, Provo.Google Scholar
Wallerstein, Immanuel 1974 The Modern World-System: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World-Economy in the Sixteenth Century. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Weigand, Phil C. 1989 The Obsidian Mining Complex at La Joya, Jalisco. In La obsidiana en Mesoamerica, edited by Gaxiola, Margarita and Clark, John E., pp. 205–211. Coleccion Cientifica, Serie Arqueológica, No. 176. Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Mexico City.Google Scholar
Weigand, Phil C., Harbottle, Garman, and Sayre, Edward V. 1977 Turquoise Sources and Source Analysis: Mesoamerica and the Southwestern U.S.A. In Exchange Systems in Prehistory, edited by Earle, Timothy K. and Ericson, Jonathan E., pp. 15–34. Academic Press, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weigand, Phil C., and Spence, Michael W. 1982 The Obsidian Mining Complex at La Joya, Jalisco. Anthropology 6:175–188.Google Scholar
Wierzbicka, Anna 1996 Semantics: Primes and Universals. Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York.Google Scholar
Workinger, Andrew G. 2002 Coastal/Highland Interaction in Prehispanic Oaxaca, Mexico: The Perspective from San Francisco de Arriba. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville.Google Scholar
Zepeda, Gabriela, and Fajardo, Noe 1999 Puntos basicos para elaborar el anteproyecto de declaratoria de la zona arqueologica de Huachotita, Municipio de Tecuala. Expediente tecnico. Proyecto INAH-Procede (5th Etapa). Archivo Tecnico del Centro INAH Nayarit, Tepic.Google Scholar