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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 23 December 2013
By the end of 1987 three successive seasons had been spent by a team co-directed by Dr. S. Mitchell and Professor M. Waelkens at the Augustan colony of Cremna, and two (plus a brief initial season in 1985) at Pisidia's chief city in Roman Imperial times, Sagalassos. The permit for a surface survey has provided the opportunity to locate and check a considerable percentage of the texts previously known. It has also made possible the discovery of several new inscriptions from these sites and their territory. Two new milestones are presented here, one pertaining to each city.
In early August 1987, on the last evening of my stay with the team working at Sagalassos, I was taken by two men from Aǧlasun 4 km. along the Aǧlasun–Isparta road. Turning right into a lane, after some 300 m. we came to a small bridge over a stream. Nearby was a large cylindrical stone (Pl. XVII(a)) which had recently been recovered from the stream during excavations for another bridge.
1 Kindly granted by Dr. N. Yardımcı, director of the Eski Eserler ve Müzeler Genel Müdürlüğü. To both Dr. S. Mitchell and Professor M. Waelkens I extend thanks for their agreement that I publish these epigraphical finds. The active co-operation of our Museum representatives, Bay Mehmet Armaǧan (1985), Bay Lütfi Önel (1986), and Bay Sabri Aydal (1987) has been greatly appreciated. It goes without saying that this small contribution owes much to the published researches of French, D. H.. His most recent monograph, Roman Roads and Milestones of Asia Minor, fasc. 2. An Interim Catalogue of Milestones (BAR S392(i, ii); Oxford, 1988)Google Scholar, is here abbreviated as RRMAM 2(i), 2(ii). References to part (i) are to milestone numbers, while those to part (ii) are to page numbers. Financial support for the field work which led to this research is gratefully acknowledged from the following sources: the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara, the Australian Institute of Archaeology, and Macquarie University.
2 I am grateful to Marc Waelkens for providing a photograph, and to Dr. C. Lightfoot for checking a reading subsequent to my departure.
3 French, D. H., “Recent Epigraphic Research in Pontus”, Epig. Anat. 8 (1986) 81Google Scholar.
4 Id., “A Severan Milestone in the Antalya Museum”, Epig. Anat. 8 (1986) 87.
5 See the tabulation by emperor(s) in RRMAM 2(ii) 461–7, 472–9Google Scholar.
6 RRMAM 2(ii), 438–43Google Scholar, where a total of 111 is registered, some still unpublished. Of the latter the following milestones have now been published: RRMAM 2(i) 70 (Latin)Google Scholar, 72 (Latin), and 184 (Greek), in French, Epig. Anat. 8 (1986) 77–8, 78–80, 84–5Google Scholar. The Greek milestone presently under discussion may be added to this tally.
7 RRMAM 2(i) 271, 277, 278, 286Google Scholar (unpublished; from Seydi Köy, a little NW of Bucak), 297. The last two are alluded to in French, Epig. Anat. 8 (1986) 89, 90Google Scholar.
8 RRMAM 2(i) 757, 775, 778, 788, 789, 800, 825, 826, 835, 836Google Scholar. All these texts—some very fragmentary—may be found in CIL III Suppls. 1 and 2 (1902)Google Scholar.
9 Five milestones of later date which mention Sagalassos are registered at RRMAM 2(ii), 491Google Scholar.
10 She is commonly enough excluded from texts commemorating her husband and two sons; e.g., IGRR 1.575, 576, 650, 741, 1290.
11 (i) Lanckoronski, K., Die Städte Pamphyliens und Pisidiens I (Vienna, 1890) 224Google Scholar no. 189 (= IGRR 3.352, which wrongly refers to the text in L. as 198), an honorific inscription by the city for Septimius Severus.
(ii) Lanckoronski, 277 no. 203 (= IGRR 3.353; cf. CIG 3.4368b), an honorific inscription by the city for Caracalla. L. 15 on the monument contains the entirely legible Άδιαβηνικοῦ, which has been omitted from Lanckoronski's version (a printing error?) and consequently in IGRR.
(iii) CIG 4370 (cf. Lanckoronski, 230 no. 217a), partly erased honorific inscription by the city for Geta or Caracalla.
12 French, , Epig. Anat. 8 (1986) 77–8Google Scholar, dated A.D. 198. For a list of others see Mastino, A., Le titolature di Caracalla e Geta attraverso le scrizioni (Studi di storia antica 5; Bologna, 1981) 177Google Scholar.
13 For the restoration in 1. 13 cf. IGRR 3.333, 341; 4.924, 926.
14 Mastino (above, n. 12), 119–20.
15 See especially Mertens, P., “La damnatio memoriae de Géta dans les papyrus”, in Hommages à L. Hermann (Coll. Latomus 44; Brussels, 1960), 541–52Google Scholar. He lists c. 40 papyrus examples, discussing certain features such as the varying form of erasure. More recent examples include JEA 47 (1961) 119–33Google Scholar; P. Oxy. 31 (1966) 2584Google Scholar; 34 (1968) 2709; BGU 11.2 (1968) 2056Google Scholar; P. Strasb. 3 (1973) 356, 357Google Scholar.
16 Severus took the title Parthicus (Maximus) in early 198, in which year also Caracalla was named Augustus. The terminus 209 may be inferred from the absence of the title Britannicus, conferred on Severus at the end of 209. See Kneissl, P., Die Siegestitulatur der römischen Kaiser (Hypomnemata 23; Göttingen, 1969) 215, 222Google Scholar.
17 SB 6.2 (1960) 9234Google Scholar (Karanis, 15 June 212) is worth mention here. Although Geta's name does not occur in this customs receipt, the ring, from which the seal impression attached to the papyrus was derived, has the portrait of one of the two emperors filled in. In her ed. pr. of the document Husselman, E. M. observes that “This alteration of the seal was probably only a temporary measure to permit its being used until a new one would be prepared without the representation of the offending emperor's head” (TAPA 72 [1951] 165–7, at 166)Google Scholar.
18 This milestone is registered at RRMAM 2(i) 272Google Scholar.
19 ILS 532 (Lopodunum), 538 (Sardinia, after A.D. 257). The other inscriptions which mention both emperors are 531, 537, 539, 540, 553, 557, 2010, 4345, 6849, 7219.
20 Alternatively, the person who provided the autograph copy from which the mason worked may have made this bilingual slip.
21 Wankel, H., Die Inschriften von Ephesos, Ia (IK 11.1; Bonn, 1979) 20Google Scholar, side B.24 (A.D. 54–59). For further discussion (with epigraphical references) of both spellings see Schulze, W., Zur Geschichte lateinischer Eigennamen (Göttingen, 1904; repr. Berlin, 1966) 107–8Google Scholar.
22 CAH XII. 132–7Google Scholar offers a succinct discussion, but is now somewhat dated. See more recently B. H. Warmington's additional note in Parker, H. M. D., A History of the Roman World from A.D. 138 to 337 (London, 1958 2) 390–1Google Scholar. Walser, G. and Pekáry, T., Die Krise des römischen Reiches (Berlin, 1962) 28–33 (especially 31–3), 37–8CrossRefGoogle Scholar, provide a survey of discussion of the question down to the early 1960s. Further bibliography on the chronological problem is given in Rémondon, R., La Crise de l'Empire romain, de Marc-Aurèle à Anastase (Paris, 1964) 276–8Google Scholar. I am grateful to B. H. Warmington for discussion of the point.
23 Levick, B. M., Roman Colonies in Southern Asia Minor (Oxford, 1967) 36–7Google Scholar.
24 Ibid., 102, n. 1.
25 The possibility (suggested to me by Dr. Mitchell) cannot be ruled out, that the column was erected further from the city and later transported for re-use in the city wall. If that were so the monument would provide important dating evidence for the wall.
26 MAMA 8.8, registered as RRMAM 2(i) 628Google Scholar. On Corn. Valerianus, P. see RE 13.2 (1926) 239–45Google Scholar; Saloninus, ibid., 236–9.
27 Ad RRMAM 2(i) 628Google Scholar.