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Some Early Anatolian Shrines

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 June 2015

Winifred Lamb
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Extract

There are as yet no temples in Western Anatolia prior to the first millennium; no counterparts for the Hittite temples further east. This may be an illusion which further discoveries will dispel, but more probably it is because the west had not yet been brought into contact with the architects and religions which influenced their eastern neighbours. Crete, Greece and the islands built no temples either in those early days: shrines, principally in palaces or private houses, were used for worship instead. There were undoubtedly shrines, as opposed to temples, in Anatolia as well; mostly from private houses, some better authenticated than others, differing in character according to time and place. It may be useful to review the evidence for shrines both in the western and the eastern regions, though with more emphasis on the former, to deduce as much as we can about their nature, and to decide which of them have acceptable claims.

Type
Research Article
Information
Anatolian Studies , Volume 6 , December 1956 , pp. 87 - 94
Copyright
Copyright © The British Institute at Ankara 1956

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References

page 87 note 1 Also peak sanctuaries. For the Cretan material, see Platon, N., ΚρητικὰΧρονικά, V, pp. 96 ff.Google Scholar; VIII, pp. 428 ff., to which Mr. Hutchinson has drawn my attention.

page 87 note 2 Garstang, , Prehistoric Mersin, pp. 77, 104Google Scholar, and Fig. 59 on p. 100.

page 87 note 3 Lamb, , Archaeologia, LXXXVII, pp. 224–6, Fig. 3Google Scholar.

page 87 note 4 OIP., XIX, p. 36Google Scholar, and Fig. 37 on p. 37.

page 88 note 1 PEQ., 1952–1953, p. 72Google Scholar, Pl XIX, 1.

page 88 note 2 T. and Özgüç, N., Kültepe Kazısı Raporu, 1949, pp. 118, 120–1Google Scholar, Figs, n, 22, 25.

page 88 note 3 They had been rubbed smooth as though used for polishing other objects: it is odd that they were chosen for dedication.

page 88 note 4 Belleten, XVIII, no. 71, pp. 385–7Google Scholar, Fig. 20.

page 89 note 1 Reproduced by kind permission of the Society of Antiquaries.

page 89 note 2 Archaeologia, LXXXVI, p. 12Google Scholar, Pls. IV, V, no. 4.

page 89 note 3 See pp. 100–1.

page 89 note 4 AS., V, pp. 44–5Google Scholar, Pl. VIa, Fig. 5.

page 89 note 5 There was a small quantity of wood-ash above but not round the Kusura pillar, and some in the room beyond the platform.

page 90 note 1 Archaeologia, loc. cit., pp. 37–9Google Scholar, Pl V, nos. 3, 6–8; Fig. 17.

page 90 note 2 Özgüç, , op. cit., pp. 128–9Google Scholar, Figs. 27–8, 49, 51, 71. From the second level.

page 90 note 3 For permission to reproduce Plate V (c) and Fig. 2 I am deeply indebted to the Türk Tarih Kurumu and to Professor Özgüç, who has also most generously supplied the photographs. Fig. 2 is from op. cit., Fig. 27; Plate V (c) from Belleten, XIX, no. 76, p. 452Google Scholar, Fig. 4: a small hearth inside a large one.

page 90 note 4 AS., I, pp. 139–140Google Scholar, Fig. 9, redrawn in our Fig. 3 by kind permission of our Institute and Mr. Sinclair Hood; IV, pp. 26, 30–31, and Fig. 3, no. 5.

page 91 note 1 Archaeologia, loc. cit., p. 37, Pl V, no. 6. Reproduced by kind permission of the Society of Antiquaries.

page 91 note 2 Iraq, IX, p. 184Google Scholar. Some useful references will also be found in Cook, A. B., Zeus III, p. 1091Google Scholar.

page 91 note 3 It is of course conceivable that there was originally a twin, piece at Kusura, on the opposite side of the higher platform; but no traces were observed, and it would have been very near the lower platform's side.

page 91 note 4 Comparable material from Anatolia is referred to by ProfessorMallowan, and MrHood, Sinclair, Iraq, IXGoogle Scholar, loc. cit., and AS., I, loc. cit. Arık, Add, Belletn, VIII, no. 29, p. 353Google Scholar. Mr. Hood's careful segregation of the “andiron” types should be noted.

page 92 note 1 Blegen, , Troy, III, pp. 95–100Google Scholar, Figs. 35, 37, 47–51, 55, 451, 452. For the date, see pp. 20, 112, and the observations on p. 99.

page 92 note 2 Op. cit., pp. 249–254, Figs. 152–4, 156, 164, 451, 471.

page 92 note 3 Bittel, and Naumann, , Boğazköy-Hattša, 1931–1939, I, pp. 59–61Google Scholar, Plan 4, Pls. 28–9, Fig. 13.

page 93 note 1 ILN., 14th April, 1956, pp. 298–301, Figs. 10, 11, 14, 16.

page 93 note 2 T. and Özgüç, N., Karahöyük Hafrıyatı Raporu, pp. 69–72, 102–3Google Scholar, pls VI, VIII–X.