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Is Sarpedon a Bronze Age Anatolian personal name or a job description?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2013

S.P.B. Durnford
Affiliation:
c/o British Institute at Ankara

Abstract

It is proposed that the name of the three Bronze Age characters called Sarpēdon(t)- in Greek tradition is a direct rendering of an Anatolian compound noun, approximately *sar-pēdan-, ‘(one having) top position’. Anatolian cognates of both sar-, ‘up, on’, and *pēdan-, ‘place’, are attested with appropriate figurative meanings. At face value this etymology provides a suitably aristocratic name, but two of the Sarpedons are known mainly as leaders of expeditions connected with Lycia, and being an expedition leader does not conflict with the very limited details reported of the third Sarpedon. The coincidence of name and role suggests that the Anatolian original might have really been a military rank or job description. The explicit connection with ‘Lycia’ in two instances, i.e., with some part of the Luwian-speaking Lukka Lands, makes some variety of Luwian a strong candidate as the source language. Attestation of the name in Iron Age Lycian is slight and inconclusive, but its native form appears to have persisted there into Roman times.

Özet

Bronz Çağında üç ayrı kişinin Sarpēdon(t)- adını taşıdığı öne sürülmektedir. Doğrudan Anadolu kökenli bileşik isim olan *sar-pēdan- dan türetilen kelime, Yunan geleneğinde ‘yukarıda olan (kişi)' anlamına gelir. Hem sar-, ‘yukarı, üst’, hem de *pēdan-, ‘yer’ kelimelerinin Anadolu'daki benzerlerinin varlığı uyumlu mecazi anlamları ile kanıtlanmıştır. Bu etimolojik değer kelimenin aristokratik bir isim olmasına uygunsa da, Sarpedonlardan ikisi Likya ile bağlantılı yolculukların liderleri olarak bilinir. Üçüncü Sarpedonla ilgili kaynaklarda çok sınırlı ayrıntı olsa da, bunlar onun da bir yolculuk lideri olabileceği fikri ile çelişmemektedir. İsimlerin ve yapılan işlerin aynı olması, kelimenin Anadolu'daki aslının aslında askeri bir rütbe veya bir görev tanımı olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. İki örneğin Likya, bir başka deyişle Lukka topraklarında Luvice konuşulan bir bölge ile ilintili olması nedeniyle, kelimenin kökeninin Luvicenin bir türü olması yüksek bir olasılık olarak karşımıza çıkar. Demir Çağı Likyasında bu isme ait çok az ve belirsiz izler olsa da, isim Roma Çağında yerel biçimiyle kullanılmaya devam edilmiş gibi görünmektedir.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The British Institute at Ankara 2008

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