Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T09:42:55.388Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Early Prehistory of the Sakçagözü Region, North Levantine Rift Valley: Report on 1995 Survey Season

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2013

Andrew Garrard ,
James Conolly ,
Norah Moloney  and
Katherine Wright
Andrew Garrard
Affiliation:
Institute of Archaeology, University College London.
James Conolly
Affiliation:
Institute of Archaeology, University College London.
Norah Moloney
Affiliation:
Institute of Archaeology, University College London.
Katherine Wright
Affiliation:
Institute of Archaeology, University College London.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

As a result of its geographical location between the Old World continents, its distinctive natural resources and its innovative cultural record, the Near East is of particular interest to scholars concerned with human developments through the Pleistocene and Early Holocene. Research has focused on the nature and timing of hominid dispersals from Africa into Eurasia, the adaptations of premodern humans to Near Eastern environments, the nature of neanderthal and early modern human societies, hunter-gatherer adaptations in the later Pleistocene and the emergence of village-based farming. However, in spite of considerable concern with these phenomena, our knowledge of the early prehistory of the Near East remains geographically restricted. The best known region for the Palaeolithic is the central and southern Levant. Limited work was undertaken in the Iraqi and Iranian Zagros in the 1950s–60s, but the northern Levant and Turkey remain poorly studied. Aceramic Neolithic research has been more evenly spread, having benefited from the dam salvage projects in the Tigris-Euphrates basins and work in the central Anatolian plateau. However there are still substantial gaps in our knowledge.

Type
Research Article
Information
Anatolian Studies , Volume 46 , December 1996 , pp. 53 - 81
Copyright
Copyright © The British Institute at Ankara 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES CITED

Akazawa, T., Sakaguchi, Y. 1987. Paleolithic Site of Douara Cave and Paleogeography of Palmyra Basin in Syria. Part 4. Tokyo (University Tokyo, University Museum, Bulletin 29).Google Scholar
Akazawa, T. et al. 1993 “The Neanderthal remains from Dederiyeh Cave, Syria: interim report.” Anthropological Science 101, 361–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Albrecht, G., Müller-Beck, H. 1988. “The Palaeolithic of Şehremuz near Samsat on the Euphrates River. Summary of the ex-cavation findings and a morphology of the handaxes”, Paléorient 14(2), 76–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Albrecht, G., Müller-Beck, H. 1994. Das Paläolithikum von Şehremuz bei Samsat am Euphrat. Tübingen (Tübinger Monographien zur Urgeschichte 10).Google Scholar
Algaze, G. 1993. The Uruk World System. Chicago (University Chicago).Google Scholar
Algaze, G., Breuninger, R., Knudstad, J. 1994. “The Tigris-Euphrates Archaeological Reconnaissance Project: final report of the Birecik and Carchemish Dam survey areas”, Anatolica XX, 1–96.Google Scholar
Algaze, G., Evins, M., Ingraham, M., Marfoe, L., Yener, K. 1990. Town and Country in Southeastern Anatolia. Volume II: The Stratigraphic Sequence at Kurban Höyük. Chicago (University Chicago, OIP 110).Google Scholar
Alkım, H., Alkım, U. B. 1966. “Excavations at Gedikli (Karahöyük): first preliminary report”, Belleten XXX, 27–57.Google Scholar
Alkım, U. B. 1963. “Tilmen Höyük”, Orientalia 32, 76–7.Google Scholar
Alkım, U. B. 1964. “Tilmen Höyük”, Orientalia 33, 503–7.Google Scholar
Alkım, U. B. 1969. “The Amanus region in Turkey. New light on the historical geography and archaeology”, Archaeology 22, 280–9.Google Scholar
Alkım, U. B. 1970. Anatolia I. Geneva (Nagel).Google Scholar
Baird, D. et al. , 1995. “The Wembach Module for non-formal tool analysis”, Neo-Lithics 2, 1–4.Google Scholar
Baltan-Atlı, N. 1994. La Néolithisation de l'Anatolie. Istanbul (Institut Français d'Études Anatoliennes).Google Scholar
Bates, D. 1973. Nomads and Farmers: a Study of the Yörük of South-East Turkey. Ann Arbor (University Michigan, Museum Anthropology, Anthropological Papers 52).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boëda, E., Muhesen, S. 1993. “Umm El Tlel (El Kowm, Syrie): étude préliminaire des industries lithiques de paléolithique moyen et supérieur 1991–1992”, Cahiers de l'Euphrate 7, 47–92.Google Scholar
Bordes, F. 1961. Typologie du Paléolithique Ancien et Moyen. Bordeaux (Delmas).Google Scholar
Bostancı, E. 1961–1962. “Researches in south-east Anatolia. The Chellean and Acheulean industry of Dülük and Kartal”, Anatolia VI, 111–62.Google Scholar
Bostancı, E. 1965. “Mağracık çevresinde yapılan 1966 yaz mevsimi kazıkarı ve yeni buluntular”, Antropoloji III, 19–53.Google Scholar
Bostancı, E. 1983. “Dülük taş devrinde insan evrimi ve mezolitik Şarklıan Kültürü üzerinde bir arastırma Şarklı Mağara kazısı”, Kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı V, 49–64; 351–8.Google Scholar
Braidwood, R. J. 1939. Mounds in the Plain of Antioch. Chicago (University Chicago, OIP 48).Google Scholar
Braidwood, R. J., Braidwood, L. S. 1960. Excavations in the Plain of Antioch. Chicago (University Chicago, OIP 61).Google Scholar
Braidwood, R., Howe, B. 1960. Prehistoric Investigations in Iraqi Kurdistan. Chicago (University Chicago, OIS 31).Google Scholar
Carter, E. 1994. “Report on the Karamanmaraş, Archaeological Survey Project from 24/9/93–11/11/93”, Arastırma Sonuçları Toplantısı XII, 331–41.Google Scholar
Cauvin, J., Stordeur, D. 1994. “Radiocarbon dating El-Kowm: Upper Paleolithic through Chalcolithic”, in Bar-Yosef, O. and Kra, R. (eds.) Late Quaternary Chronology and Paleoclimates of the Eastern Mediterranean. Tucson (University Arizona, Radiocarbon), 201–4.Google Scholar
Cauvin, M-C. 1988. “L'industrie lithique en Turquie orientale au VIIe millénaire”, Anatolica XV, 25–35.Google Scholar
Cauvin, M-C. 1994. “Synthèse sur les industries lithiques néolithique préceramique en Syrie”, in Gebel, H. G. and Kozlowski, S. K. (eds.) Neolithic Chipped Stone Industries of the Fertile Crescent. Berlin (ex oriente), 279–99.Google Scholar
Cauvin, M-C., Balkan, N. 1985. “Cafer Höyük: analyse de l'outillage lithique (campagnes 1982–1983). Problèmes typologiques et chronologiques”, Cahiers de l'Euphrate 4, 53–86.Google Scholar
Copeland, L. 1981. “The flint industries of the Nahr Qoueiq Valley”, in Matthers, J. (ed.) The River Qoueiq, Northern Syria, and its Catchment. Oxford (BAR S98), 81–129.Google Scholar
Davis, R. S. 1988. “Preliminary notes on the Gritille Neolithic chipped stone industry”, Anatolica XV, 93–7.Google Scholar
De Contenson, H. 1982. “Les phases préhistoriques de Ras Shamra et de l'Amuq”, Paléorient 8(1), 95–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Du Plat Taylor, J., Seton-Williams, M., Waechter, J. 1950. “The excavations at Sakçe Gözü”, Iraq XII, 53–138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
French, D., Summers, G. 1988. “Sakçagözü material in the Gaziantep Museum”, Anatolian Studies XXXVIII, 71–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gadd, C. J., Legrain, L. 1928. Ur Excavations: Texts. Volume I: Royal Inscriptions. London (British Museum).Google Scholar
Garstang, J., Phythian-Adams, W. J., Seton-Williams, V. 1937. “Third report on the excavations at Sakje-Geuzi, 1908–1911”, Annals Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Liverpool 24, 119–40.Google Scholar
Goldman, H. 1956. Excavations at Gözlü Küle, Tarsus. Volume II: from the Neolithic through the Bronze Age. Princeton (Princeton University).Google Scholar
Grace, R. 1989. Interpreting the Function of Stone Tools: the Quantification and Computerisation of Microwear Analysis. Oxford (BAR S474).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hillman, G. 1996. “Late Pleistocene changes in wild plant-foods available to huntergatherers of the northern Fertile Crescent: possible preludes to cereal cultivation”, in Harris, D. R. (ed.) The origins and spread of agriculture and pastoralism in Eurasia. London (University College London), 159–203.Google Scholar
Hours, F. et al. , 1994. Atlas des Sites du Proche Orient (14000–5700 BP). Lyon (Travaux de la Maison de l'Orient Méditerranéen 24).Google Scholar
Kökten, K. 1960. “Anadolu. Maraş vilayetinde tarihten dip tarihe gidiş”, Türk Arkeoloji Dergisi X(1), 42–53.Google Scholar
Le Tensorer, J. M., Muhesen, S., Jagher, R. 1993. “Nadaouiyeh I Ain Askar: une grande séquence paléolithique du bassin d'El Kowm (Syrie), premiers résultats, fouilles 1989–1992”, Cahiers de l'Euphrate 7, 11–36.Google Scholar
Marfoe, L. 1987. “Cedar Forest to Silver Mountain: Social change and the development of long distance trade in early Near Eastern societies”, in Rowlands, M., Larsen, M., Kristiansen, K. (eds.) Centre and Periphery in the Ancient World. Cambridge (Cambridge University), 25–35.Google Scholar
Minzoni-Déroche, A. (ed.) 1987. Le Paléolithique du Bassin du Nizip: Rapport Préliminaire. Istanbul (Institut Français d'Études Anatoliennes).Google Scholar
Minzoni-Déroche, A. 1992. “Üçağızlı mağara, un site aurignacien dans le Hatay (Anatolie). Premiers résultats”, Paléorient 18(1), 89–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Minzoni-Déroche, A. 1993. “Middle and Upper Paleolithic in the Taurus-Zagros region”, in Olszewski, D., Dibble, H. (eds.) The Paleolithic of the Zagros-Taurus. Philadelphia (University Pennsylvania, University Museum Monograph 83), 147–58.Google Scholar
Minzoni-Déroche, A., Sanlaville, P. 1988. “Le paléolithique inférieur de la région de Gaziantep”, Paléorient 14(2), 87–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, A. M. T. 1992. “The impact of accelerator dating at the early village of Abu Hureyra on the Euphrates”, Radiocarbon 34(3), 850–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muhesen, S. 1988. “Le paléolithique inférieur de Syrie”, L'Anthropologie 92(3), 863–82.Google Scholar
Niklewski, J., van Zeist, W. 1970. “A late Quaternary pollen diagram from northwestern Syria”, Acta Botanica Neerlandica 19(5), 737–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Olami, Y. 1984. Prehistoric Carmel. Jerusalem (Israel Exploration Society).Google Scholar
Özdoğan, M., Balkan-Atlı, N. 1994. “South-east Anatolian chipped stone sequence”, in Gebel, H. G.Kozlowski, S. K. (eds.) Neolithic Chipped Stone Industries of the Fertile Crescent. Berlin (ex oriente), 205–6.Google Scholar
Redman, C. 1982. “The Çayönü chipped stone industry (1968-1970)”, in L. S., and Braidwood, R. J. (eds.) Prehistoric Village Archaeology in South Eastern Turkey. Oxford (BAR S138), 17–71.Google Scholar
Roodenberg, J. 1989. “Hayaz Höyük and the final PPNB in the Taurus foothills”, Paléorient 15(1), 91–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanlaville, P. 1979. Quaternaire et Préhistoire du Nahr el Kébir Septentrional. Lyon (Maison de l'Orient Méditerranéen).Google Scholar
Sanlaville, P., Besançon, J., Copeland, L., Muhesen, S. 1993. Le Paléolithique de la Vallée Moyenne de l'Oronte (Syrie). Oxford (BAR S587).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmidt, K. 1988. “Nevali Çori: zum typenspektrum der silexindustrie und die übrigen kleinfunde”, Anatolica XV, 161–201.Google Scholar
Şenyürek, M. 1959. “A note on the Palaeolithic industry of the Plugged Cave”, Belleten XXIII, 27–58.Google Scholar
Şenyürek, M. 1961. “The Upper Acheulean industry of Altındere”, Belleten XXV, 163–98.Google Scholar
Şenyürek, M., Bostancı, E. 1958. “The Palaeolithic cultures of the Hatay province”, Belleten XXII, 191–210.Google Scholar
Solecki, R. S. 1979. “Contemporary Kurdish winter-time inhabitants of Shanidar Cave, Iraq”, World Archaeology 10(3), 318–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steadman, S. 1994a. Isolation vs. Interaction: Prehistoric Cilicia and its Role in the Near Eastern World System. PhD Dissertation (University California, Berkeley). Ann Arbor (University Microfilms).Google Scholar
Steadman, S. 1994b. “Prehistoric sites on the Cilician Coastal Plain: Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age pottery from the 1991 Bilkent University survey”, Anatolian Studies XLIV, 85–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stein, G., Misir, A. 1994. “Mesopotamian-Anatolian interaction at Hacinebi, Turkey: preliminary report on the 1992 excavations”, Anatolica XX, 145–90.Google Scholar
Tixier, J. 1956. “Le hachereau dans l'acheuléen nord-africain. Notes typologiques”, Congrès Préhistorique de France XV, 914–23.Google Scholar
Tolun, N. 1962. Geological Map of Turkey: Hatay. Ankara (M.T.A.).Google Scholar
Van Zeist, W., Bottema, S. 1982. “Vegetational history of the eastern Mediterranean and the Near East during the last 20,000 years”, in Bintliff, J. L., van Zeist, W. (eds.) Palaeoclimates, Palaeoenvironments and Human Communities in the Eastern Mediterranean Region in Later Prehistory. Oxford (BAR S133ii) 277–321.Google Scholar
Von Luschan, F. et al. , 1943. Ausgrabungen in Sendschirli I–V. Berlin.Google Scholar
Waechter, J., Göğwş., S., Seton-Williams, M. 1951. “The Sakçe Gözü cave site 1949”, Belleten XV, 193–201.Google Scholar
Yakar, J. 1991. Prehistoric Anatolia. The Neolithic Transformation and the Early Chalcolithic Period. Tel Aviv (Tel Aviv University, Institute of Archaeology).Google Scholar
Yakar, J. 1994. Prehistoric Anatolia. The Neolithic Transformation and the Early Chalcolithic Period. Supplement 1. Tel Aviv (Tel Aviv University, Institute of Archaeology).Google Scholar
Yalçınkaya, I. 1981. “Le paléolithique inférieur de Turquie”, in Cauvin, J., Sanlaville, P. (eds.) Le Préhistoire du Levant. Paris (CNRS), 207–18.Google Scholar
Yener, K., Özbal, H., Kaptan, E., Pehlivan, A., Goodway, M. 1989. “Kestel: An Early Bronze Age source of tin ore in the Taurus Mountains, Turkey”, Science 244, 200–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zohary, M. 1973. Geobotanical Foundations of the Middle East. Stuttgart (Gustav Fischer).Google Scholar