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Anatolia as a bridge from north to south? Recent research in the Hatti heartland

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2013

Thomas Zimmermann
Thomas Zimmermann
Affiliation:
Bilkent University
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Abstract

This paper aims to reappraise and evaluate central Anatolian connections with the Black Sea region and the Caucasus focusing mainly on the third millennium BC. In its first part, a ceremonial item, the knobbed or ‘mushroom’ macehead, in its various appearances, is discussed in order to reconstruct a possible pattern of circulation and exchange of shapes and values over a longer period of time in the regions of Anatolia, southeast Europe and the Caucasus in the third and late second to early first millennium BC. The second part is devoted to the archaeometrical study of selected metal and mineral artefacts from the Early Bronze Age necropolis of Resuloğlu, which together with the contemporary settlement and graveyard at Kalınkaya-Toptaştepe represent two typical later Early Bronze Age sites in the Anatolian heartland. The high values of tin and arsenic used for most of the smaller jewellery items are suggestive of an attempt to imitate gold and silver, and the amounts of these alloying agents suggest a secure supply from arsenic sources located along the Black Sea littoral in the north and probably tin ores to the southeast of central Anatolia. This places these ‘Hattian’ sites within a trade network that ran from the Pontic mountain ridge to the Taurus foothills.

Özet

Bu makalenin amacı, Orta Anadolu'nun Karadeniz ve Kafkaslarla olan ilişkisini, özellikle MÖ 3. binyıla yoğunlaşarak tekrar sorgulamak ve değerlendirmektir. İlk bölümde, 3. bin ile 2. bin sonlarından 1. bin başlarına kadar olan dönemde Anadolu, Güneydoğu Avrupa ve Kafkaslarda görülen biçim ve değerlerin dolanım ve takasınının olası dokusunu anlamak amacıyla törensel bir nesne olan, topuzlu ya da ‘mantar’ biçimli asa başı, çeşitli görünümleri ile tartışılmaktadır. İkinci bölüm ise, bir Erken Bronz Çağı nekropolü olan Resuloğlu'nda ele geçen bir grup madeni ve minarel buluntunun arkeometrik değerlendirilmesine ayrılmıştır. Resuloğlu, çağdaşı Kalınkaya-Toptaştepe yerleşimi ve mezarlığı ile birlikte Anadolu'nun merkezindeki Geç Erken Bronz Çağı yerleşimlerinin tipik bir örneğidir. Küçük takıların çoğunda yüksek oranlarda kalay ve arsenik kullanılmış olması altın ve gümüşü taklit etme girişimlerini ve bu alaşım malzemelerinin miktarları da kuzeyde Karadeniz kıyı şeridi boyunca uzanan arsenik ve olasıkla Orta Anadolu'nun güneydoğu kesimlerindeki kalay cevherlerine güvenli bir erişimin varlığını düşündürmektedir. Bu durum, ‘Hatti‘ yerleşimlerinin, Pontus dağlarından Torosların eteklerine kadar uzanan ticaret ağının içinde yer aldığını gösterir.

Type
Research Article
Information
Anatolian Studies , Volume 57 , December 2007 , pp. 65 - 75
Copyright
Copyright © The British Institute at Ankara 2007

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