Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T00:18:30.921Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Analyses of İkiztepe Metal Artifacts

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2013

Şeref Kunç
Şeref Kunç
Affiliation:
Fırat University, Elazıǧ
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Only a few investigations on the composition of Anatolian copper and copper alloys have been carried out. Esin (1967) published analyses of 750 copper artifacts excavated from different Anatolian prehistoric sites and found that 600 of them were made of copper alloys containing deliberate quantities (i.e. more than 1%) of arsenic, lead or tin. Of these, 50% contain As between 1–6%, 25% As 1–3% and Sn 1–10% together, 20% Sn only (2–10%) and the remaining 5% Pb and/or Sn, As. The results of these analyses show that prehistoric Anatolian artifacts which are made of copper alloys have closely similar composition to Egyptian (Hedges, 1979) and Greek (Craddock, 1977) ones or at least their production technology appears to be the same. It is well known that As was added to copper around the third millennium B.C. by prehistoric metallurgists and Sn by the second millennium B.C.

The metal objects whose analyses are reported below were all found in the İkiztepe excavation during 1978 and 1979 (Alkım, 1979). İkiztepe was located on the shore of the Black Sea and Kızılırmak (Red River) during the prehistoric ages, though today it is 60 km. away from the Black Sea. It was the largest occupation site around Samsun and consisted of four different natural hüyüks. Two hüyüks numbered İkiztepe I and II have been excavated to date.

Type
Research Article
Information
Anatolian Studies , Volume 36 , December 1986 , pp. 99 - 101
Copyright
Copyright © The British Institute at Ankara 1986

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Alkım, U. B., 1979, “İkiztepe kazısı, ilk sonuçları”, VII. Türk Tarih Kongresi, TTK Basımevi, 150.Google Scholar
Alkım, H., 1981, “İkiztepe kazısı ile ilgili arkeometrik araştırmaların yorumu”, TÜBİTAK Arkeometri Ünitesi Bilimsel Toplantı Bildirileri, II, Boğaziçi Univ., 137.Google Scholar
Bilgi, O., 1984, “İkiztepe kazıları 1983 dönemi sonuçları”, VI. kazı Sonuçları Toplantısı, 16–20 Nisan 1984, Izmir, 55.Google Scholar
Craddock, P. T., 1979. “The composition of the copper alloys used by Greek, Etruscan and Roman Civilization”, Journal of Archaeological Science, 4, 103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Esin, U., 1967. Kuantitatif Spectral Analiz Yardımıyle Anadolu'da Başlangıcından Asur Kolonileri Çağına Kadar Bakır ve Tunç Madenciliği. Taş Matbaası, Istanbul.Google Scholar
Giles, D. L., 1974. “Stratiform copper deposit, Northern Anatolia, Turkey, Evidence for Early Bronze I (2800 B.C.) mining activity.”, Science, Nov., 823.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hedges, R. E. M., 1979. “Archaeological evidence from chemical analysis”, International Laboratory, 9 (3), 111.Google Scholar
Kaptan, E., 1982. “Türk madencilik tarihine ait Tokat bölgesini kapsayan yeni buluntular”, MTA Dergisi No. 93/94.Google Scholar
Kaptan, E., 1985. Personal communication.Google Scholar
Kunç, S., 1981. “Atomik soğurma spektroskopisiyle arkeolojik metal eserlerin kimyasal analizi”, TÜBİTAK Arkeometri Ünitesi Bilimsel Toplantı Bildirileri, II, Boğaziçi Univ. 113.Google Scholar
Özbal, H., 1981. “İkiztepe metal bulgu analizleri”, TÜBİTAK Arkeometri Ünitesi Bilimsel Toplantı Bildirileri, II, Boğaziçi Univ., 101.Google Scholar