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Two Dokimeian Sculptors in Iconium1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2013

Alan Hall  and
Marc Waelkens
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Extract

A small, thin, rectangular limestone plaque, bearing a five-line inscription, was copied by A.H. in the Konya Archaeological Museum in September 1980. The stone lacked an inventory number, and the Museum's staff could supply no information about its provenance. One may presume, however, that it has reached the Museum in recent years, probably after discovery in Konya itself. As will be demonstrated below, other grounds exist for supposing that it comes from Konya, but a provenance elsewhere in the Konya İli cannot be ruled out.

The block is complete to left and right, probably complete above and below, broken behind: H. 0·16, W. 0·32, Th. 0·06, with letters varying between 1·5 and 3 cm. (the smallest on the bottom line) which are irregular in shape and unevenly set out on the stone (see photograph of squeeze, Plate XXVIIa). The face is slightly damaged at its top right-hand corner and at the bottom left.

Type
Research Article
Information
Anatolian Studies , Volume 32 , December 1982 , pp. 151 - 155
Copyright
Copyright © The British Institute at Ankara 1982

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References

2 Robert, L., Lettres Byzantines, 108–9Google Scholar, with notes 12–16 = Journal des Savants 1962, 42–3Google Scholar, with notes 12–16.

3 Robert, L., A Travers l'Asie Mineure, Bibliothèque des Éçoles Françaises d'Athènes et de Rome, Fascicule Deux Cent-Trente-Neuf (1980), 221–56Google Scholar, and especially 224 and 227.

4 L. Robert, op. cit., 243.

5 For the name we are referred to Hoffman, O., Die Makedonen, ihre Sprache und ihr Volkstum (1906), 147Google Scholar, and Russu, I. I., Macedonica (Ephemeris Dacoromana, 8, 1936), 198–9Google Scholar.

6 LSJ gives an example from Aphrodisias (REG 19, 265Google Scholar).

7 Strabo, Geography, 12, 8, 14 (C 577). On this subject, see Robert, L., Journal des Savants 1962, 13–22Google Scholar; Gnoli, R., Marmora Romana (1971), 27–9Google Scholar; Monna, D.—Pensabene, P., Marmi dell'Asia Minore (1977), 45Google Scholar; Robert, L., A Travers l'Asie Mineure 223Google Scholar; and Waelkens, M., “Carrières de marbre en Phrygie”, BMAH (1982)Google Scholar.

8 Robert, L., Journal des Savants 1962, 15–22Google Scholar; Gnoli, op. cit., 26 and 34, 142 note 5, and 145; Monna—Pensabene, op. cit., 45; Robert, A Travers… (see note 3) 223–4; Waelkens, op. cit., note 9.

9 Lauffer, S., Diokletians Preisedikt (1971) 192CrossRefGoogle Scholar, para 33, 1; Cod. Theod. XI, 28, 9. On the possible change of name, see Röder, J., JDAI 86 (1971) 254–5, 282Google Scholar; Strubbe, J., Ancient Society 6, (1975), 245Google Scholar; Monna—Pensabene, op. cit., 49. Compare also Meineke, A., Stephani Byzantii Ethnicorum quae supersunt I (Berlin 1849Google Scholar): Δοκίμειον, πόλις Φρυγίας, ὡς Εὐδαίμων. τό ἐθνικὸν Δοκιμεὺς κατὰ τέχνην, κατὰ δὲ τὴν συνήδειαν Δοκιμνός, τὰ μάρμαρα οὕτω φασί.

10 Strabo 12, 8, 14 (c 577).

11 Sarcophagi in Dokimeian marble were known in Hierapolis as σοροὶ Δοκιμηναί. See Ferrari, G., “Il commercio dei sarcophagi asiatici”, Studia Archaeologica VII (1966), 90Google Scholar note 6; Monna—Pensabene, op. cit., 61–3. For the exact meaning of this expression, see Wiegartz, H., AA 1971, 94Google Scholar note 27; id., in Mélanges Mansel I, TTKY VII 60 (1974), 380 f.; id., in J. Borchardt u.a., Myra. Eine lykische Metropole in antiker und byzantinischer Zeit, Ist. Forsch. 30 (1975), 214; L. Robert, A Travers … (see note 3) 227 note 50 (A. Wagener); Ward-Perkins, J., “Nicomedia and the Marble Trade”, BSR 48 (1980) 36Google Scholar, no. 14; Waelkens, M., Dokimeion. Die Werkstatt der repräsentativen kleinasiatischen Sarkophage. Chronologic und Typologie ihrer Produktion, Archäologische Forschungen II (1982)Google Scholar. Compare also the Δοκιμεῑς ἀρότας at Phrygian Apollonia (Robert, A Travers … (see note 3) 224–25) and the statue of Zeus bought at Dokimeion, mentioned in an inscription of Aksu in Bithynia (Robert, L., Journal des Savants 1962, 42Google Scholar note 13a). For another statue of Zeus, found in Pisidian Antioch, and made by a sculptor from Dokimeion, see Ferrari, op. cit., 9, plate 27, 3.

12 Among others, ὁπλοποιὀς, ὑποδηματουργός, χαλκοτύπος, and λάτυπος.

13 Sammlung von Aulock, Nachträge IV, 18 Heft, Nr. 8355. Robert, A Travers … (see note 3) 236–7, with Figs. 13–14.

14 Compare the dedication to the Meter Zizimene by Alexandros, son of Alexandros (a sculptor?) from Dokimeion, but also citizen of Iconium, in near-by Laodikeia: Robert, L., Journal des Savants 1962, 42Google Scholar note 12 and id.A Travers … (see note 3) 228 note 54.

15 See the lists in Robert, L., Journal des Savants 1962, 42–3Google Scholar notes 12–16; Ferrari, op. cit. 90–2; Hall, A. S., AS 18 (1968), 88 nr. 51Google Scholar; Monna — Pensabene, op. cit. 62–3; L. Robert, A Travers … (see note 3) 227, notes 45–7, 49, 51 and 54; M. Waelkens, “Carrières de marbre en Phrygie” (see note 7); and Ward-Perkins, J., BSR 48 (1980), 35–6, nos. 12–13Google Scholar.

16 Körte, A., AM 25 (1900), 410Google Scholar nr. 20 (Çakırsaz); Ramsay, W. M., JHS 38 (1918) 182–3 (Konya)Google Scholar; Calder, W. M., AS 5 (1955), 31–33 pl. 1 (Kütahya Museum)Google Scholar (= Ward-Perkins, J., BSR 1980, 36Google Scholar no. 13).

17 Calder, W. M., MAMA VIII (1962) 39Google Scholar nr. 217, from Kana in Lycaonia. See L. Robert, A Travers … (see note 3) 228 note 54. This Auxanon could have been the same person as the Auxanon whose signature was found in Iconium (mentioned in note 16) or a member of the same family.

18 For example, the Alexandros mentioned in note 14, if he was indeed a sculptor.

19 M. Waelkens, “Carrières de marbre en Phrygie” (see note 7). cf. Ward-Perkins, J., BSR 48 1980, 32Google Scholar.

20 See M. Waelkens, Dokimeion … (see note 11) passim.

21 So, for instance, Ferrari, op. cit., 76–95. Compare also Monna — Pensabene, op. cit., 61–3.

22 Wiegartz, H. in Mélanges Mansel I (see note 11) 376–82Google Scholar; id. in J. Borchardt, Myra, (see note 11) 214–19; Waelkens, M., Dokimeion … (see note 11) 124–7Google Scholar.

23 Waelkens, M., Dokimeion … (see note 11), 23–4Google Scholar nr. 19 plates 3, 4 and 30, 4; 30 nr. 41; 84 nr. 91; 87 nr. 117; 89 nr. 127; 91 nr. 140 and 142; 92 nr. 149.

24 On this matter see Waelkens, M., Dokimeion … (see note 11) 121, 124–7Google Scholar.

25 On these sculptors' signatures, see also Ward-Perkins, J.BSR 48 (1980) 32Google Scholar.

26 Waelkens, M., Dokimeion … (see note 11) 19Google Scholar nr. 6 plate 1, 3 from Aydin-Tralles, and 41 nr. 1 plate 12,3 from Iconium. It is also possible that the huge sarcophagus in Hierapolis (Waelkens, M., Dokimeion … 17Google Scholar nr. 1 plate 1, 1, 2) which we connected with our workshop, was finished on the spot. Whether this also applies to the hunting sarcophagus from Aphrodisias now in İzmir, Basmahane Inv. no. 3558 (Waelkens, , Dokimeion … 49Google Scholar nr. 3 plate 13,4) could only be established by a scientific analysis of the material to identify the provenance of the marble.

27 Waelkens, M., Dokimeion … (see note 11) 41Google Scholar nr. 1 plate 12,3 (= Himmelmann, N., AA 1971, 92, 95Google Scholar fig. 4) and 66 nr. 8 (Konya, Museum Inv. no. 1351).

28 M. Waelkens, op. cit., 41 with notes 137 and 140.

29 See M. Waelkens, op. cit., 7 note 18 and plates 10–11.

30 M. Waelkens, op. cit., 8 note 26.

31 M. Waelkens, op. cit., 20 nr. 10 plate 2,1 (here dated around AD 115–20, now in the John Paul Getty Museum inv. no. 72 AA 152 = Schauenburg, K., Journal of the J. P. Getty Museum 2 (1975), 63–70Google Scholar Fig. 8) and 21 nr. 13 plate 3,3 (now in the Antalya Museum, inv. no. A16 = Moretti, G., AS Atene 6/7, 1923/1924, 480 f.Google Scholar fig. 1–2); Wiegartz, H., “Kleinasiatische Säulensarkophage”, Ist. Forsch. 26 (1965) 178Google Scholar nr. 17; Himmelmann, N., “Der Sarkophag aus Megiste”, Abh. Mainz 1970, 1 19 f.Google Scholar The only difference is constituted by the drill holes in the flowers on the sarcophagi, which, it should be stressed, were made of marble, not of limestone.

32 Marble-workers who were prepared to work in limestone were not exceptional in antiquity; see, for instance, Ward-Perkins, J., BSR 48 (1980) 33Google Scholar and 34 no. 4.