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Toward a Theory of Human Multiple Birthing: Sociobiology and r/K Reproductive Strategies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2014

J. Philippe Rushton
J. Philippe Rushton*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
*
Department of Psychology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C2, Canada

Abstract

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Using symbols from population biology, a continuum of reproductive strategies can be distinguished ranging from r, the production of large numbers of offspring provided with minimal care, to K, the production of few offspring nurtured intensively. While all humans are at the K end of the continuum, some are proposed to be more so than others. If multiple egg production is part of an r-reproductive strategy, certain facts may be ordered. Compared to mothers of singletons, for example, mothers of DZ twins nave a lower age of menarche, a shorter menstrual cycle, a higher number of marriages, a higher rate of coitus, more illegitimate children, a closer spacing of births, a greater fecundity, more wasted pregnancies, a larger family, an earlier menopause, and an earlier mortality. Further, all twins have a shorter gestation period, a lower birth weight, and a greater incidence of infant mortality, with DZ twins having a greater frequency of health disorders, a higher mortality rate, and a lower rate of enrollment in volunteer registries. Multiple birthing also occurs more frequently in families of lower than of higher social status, and in those of African than of European and especially than of Orientai descent.

Keywords

AltruismBehavior geneticsEvolutionFecundabilityLife-history analysisSexual behaviorTwins
Type
Research Article
Information
Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research , Volume 36 , Issue 3 , July 1987 , pp. 289 - 296
Copyright
Copyright © The International Society for Twin Studies 1987

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