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Schizoidness in Twins

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 February 2016

Karel Planansky
Karel Planansky*
Affiliation:
Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Rochester, School of Medicine, Veterans Administration Hospital, Canandaigua, New York, N. Y. (U.S.A.)

Summary

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Discordant schizophrenic monozygotic twin pairs were examined in order to clarify the view interpreting schizoid disorders as attenuated or incomplete expressions of schizophrenic heredity. The aggregate observations indicate that typical schizophrenia can be paired with all types and degrees of schizophrenic or schizoid illness, including clinical normality. These intra-pair combinations seem to occur more or less at random. The reviewed schizoid states showing evidence of schizophrenic psychopathology represent one of the developmental phases of schizophrenic process. Yet the psychopathologic connection with schizophrenia is not evident in all deviations and non-deviant personality patterns. Thus the seeming continuum of schizophnic psychosis — schizoid disorder — neurotic character — normal personality may consist of two discrete series: one with underlying schizophrenic psychopathology, and the other independent of the psychotic process. This division might reflect a threshold effect, dependent upon a switch mechanism.

Riassunto

RIASSUNTO

Allo scopo di chiarire il punto di vista, secondo cui i disturbi schizoidi sarebbero una espressione attenuata o incompleta di un'eredità schizofrenica, sono state esaminate coppie discordanti di gemelli monozigotici schizofrenici. Le osservazioni raccolte indicano che la schizofrenia tipica può accompagnarsi a tutti i tipi e gradi di malattia schizofrenica, o schizoide, compresa la normalità clinica. Tali combinazioni intra-coppia sembrano verificarsi più o meno a caso. Gli stati schizoidi riesaminati, indicanti una psicopatologia schizofrenica, rappresentano una delle fasi di sviluppo del processo schizofrenico. Ciononostante, il legame psicopatologico con la schizofrenia non risulta evidente in tutti i tipi, devianti e non-devianti, della personalità. Perciò, l'apparente continuum, costituito da psicosi schizofrenica — disordine schizoide — carattere neurotico — personalità normale, è probabile che consista di due serie diverse: una con un substrato di psicopatologia schizofrenica, e l'altra indipendente dal processo psicopatico specifico. È probabile che tale divisione rifletta un effetto-soglia, attivato da eventi specifici.

Résumé

RÉSUMÉ

L'A. a examiné des couples discordants de jumeaux MZ schizophrènes, afin de clarifier le point de vue interprétant les désordres schizoïdes comme l'espression attenuée ou incomplète d'une hérédité spécifique. Les observations obtenues montrent que la schizophrénie typique peut s'associer à tous les types et degrés de la maladie schizophrénique ou schizoïde, ainsi qu'à la normalité clinique. Ces combinaisons intracouples semblent survenir au hasard. Les formes schizoïdes réexaminées, montrant une psychopathologie schizophrénique, représentent l'une des phases évolutives du processus schizophrénique. Malgré tout, la connection psychopathologique avec la schizophrénie n'est pas évidente dans toutes les formes de déviation et nondéviation de la personnalité. Ainsi, il est possible que les formes, apparemment sans interruption, de psychose schizophrénique — désordre schizoïde — caractère névrotique — personnalité normale, soient constituées de deux series séparées: l'une montrant un certain degré de psychopathologie schizophrénique, et l'autre indépendante du processus psychotique spécifique. Cette division peut présenter un effet de seuil, causé par des processus spécifiques.

Zusammenfassung

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Diskordante schizophrene EZ Zwillinge wurden untersucht um klarzustellen, ob schizoide Abnormalitäten als mitigierte oder unvollständige Ausdruckformen schizophrener Vererbung anzusehen sind.

Summarische Beobachtungen deuten darauf hin, dass typische Schizophrenie in ein und demselben Paar mit allen Formen und jeder Intensität von schizophrener oder schizoider Erkrankung, einschliesslich klinischer Normalform vorkommen kann. Diese paarweisen Kombinationen scheinen sich mehr oder weniger zufallsmässig zu ereignen. Die beschriebenen schizoiden Zustände, die Merkmale schizoider Psychopathologie aufzeigen, sind als eine der Entwicklungsphasen des schizophrenen Prozesses aufzufassen.

Jedoch die psychopathologische Verbindung mit Schizophrenie ist nicht in allen Zuständen, ob normal oder abnormal, nachzuweisen. Daher kann das anscheinende Kontinuum von schizophrener Psychose, — schizoider Abweichung — neurotischem Charakter — normaler Persönlichkeit, aus zwei separaten Serien bestehen: Eine ist basiert auf schizophrener Psychopathologie, und eine ist unabhängig vom psychotischen Prozess. Diese Zweiteilung kann einem Schwelleneffekt entsprechen, der auf einem Schaltungsmechanismus beruht.

Type
Research Article
Information
Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research , Volume 15 , Issue 2 , April 1966 , pp. 151 - 166
Copyright
Copyright © The International Society for Twin Studies 1966

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