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Genetics of Relative Toe Lengths1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2014

Arnold R. Kaplan  and
Wilma Powell
Arnold R. Kaplan
Affiliation:
Dept. of Medical Genetics, Cleveland Psychiatric Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, (U.S.A.)

Summary

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Twin and pedigree data are presented which indicate that relative length of hallux and adjacent second toe is based on simple Mendelian genetic factors. The normal anatomical trait involves two alleles and a single autosomal locus. The factor for relatively long hallux is recessive to the one for relatively long second toe. There is no evidence of sex influence. Penetrance is 100%. Expressivity is variable, and bilateral discordance is observed in a minority of heterozygous subjects. In every such case, the dominant genotype is expressed in the right foot. The recessive and dominant phenotypes occur, respectively, in 76% and 24% of the greater Cleveland area Caucasian population. Gene frequencies in this population are 87% and 13%, respectively, for the recessive and dominant allele.

Type
Research Article
Information
Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research , Volume 13 , Issue 3 , July 1964 , pp. 295 - 304
Copyright
Copyright © The International Society for Twin Studies 1964

Footnotes

1

Supported by the State of Ohio, Department of Mental Hygiene and Correction, Division of Mental Hygiene; and supported by grants RG 9885 and HD 00581-02 from the National Institutes of Health, U. S. Public Health Service, Department of Health, Education and Welfare.

References

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