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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 September 2013
The Australian scheme of federal aid includes two types of federal assistance to states: (1) direct financial assistance, and (2) indirect assistance through state-federal arrangements. Similarities between the schemes of the United States and Australia appear in the first type of federal aid. In the second type, however, the Australian system assumes its distinctive characteristics and makes an advance over its American prototype.
1 Const., Sec. 89. Thereafter control of customs and excise became an exclusive Commonwealth function.
2 Ibid., Sec. 87.
3 Ibid., Sec. 93, and Surplus Revenue Act, 1908.
4 Surplus Revenue Act, 1910.
5 This act repealed the per capita provision of the 1910 act.
6 The Western Australia payments terminated in 1931, since the act authorized payments to bo started as of 1926.
7 Report of the Royal Commission on the Constitution of the Commonwealth (1929), p. 202Google Scholar.
8 Proposals curtailing this program were to be submitted to the 1931 session of the Commonwealth parliament.
9 Official Commonwealth Yearbook, No. 20 (1927), p. 354Google Scholar
10 Report of the Royal Commission on the Constitution of the Commonwealth, p. 179.
11 In 1922, the South Australian Farmers' Agreement Act provided federal loans to a Farmers' Coöperative, as a result of an agreement between the South Australian Farmers' Coöperative, the state of South Australia, and the Commonwealth. Obviously, this cannot be classed as a direct Commonwealth-to-state loan.
12 The present agreement providing for the Loan Council is based upon a temporary agreement of 1927, which could not become permanent until the constitution was amended (in 1929) to give the Commonwealth increased financial powers.
13 Exley, H. J., in Australasian Economic Record, May, 1926, p. 57Google Scholar.
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