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The Activities and Results of Crime Surveys

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2014

John M. Pfiffner
John M. Pfiffner*
Affiliation:
University of Southern California
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Abstract

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Type
Notes on Judicial Organization and Procedure
Information
American Political Science Review , Volume 23 , Issue 4 , November 1929 , pp. 930 - 955
Copyright
Copyright © American Political Science Association 1929

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References

1 First Quarterly Bulletin, 1927, The Cleveland Association for Criminal Justice, p. 3Google Scholar.

2 Ibid., p. 45; Cleveland Crime Survey, Part 3, pp. 79–80.

3 First Quarterly Bulletin, 1927, The Cleveland Association for Criminal Justice, p. 6Google Scholar; Cleveland Crime Survey, Part 2, pp. 122–124.

4 First Quarterly Bulletin, 1927, The Cleveland Association for Criminal Justice, p. 6Google Scholar; Cleveland Crime Survey, Part 1, pp. 64–67.

5 First Quarterly Bulletin, 1927, The Cleveland Association for Criminal Justice, p. 6Google Scholar; Cleveland Crime Survey, Part 1, p. 85.

6 Cleveland Crime Survey, Part 1, pp. 71–82.

7 Journal of the American Judicature Society, Vol. 12, No. 1, June, 1928, p. 12Google Scholar.

8 First Quarterly Bulletin, 1927, The Cleveland Association for Criminal Justice, p. 8Google Scholar; Cleveland Crime Survey, Part 4, pp. 46–47.

9 First Quarterly Bulletin, 1927, The Cleveland Association for Criminal Justice, p. 8Google Scholar; Cleveland Crime Survey, Part 5, p. 41.

10 First Quarterly Bulletin, 1927, The Cleveland Association for Criminal Justice, p. 8Google Scholar.

11 A summary of the Illinois Crime Survey, by Bruce, Judge Andrew A., composes Part II of the Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology, February, 1929Google Scholar.

12 Letters from Mr. W. C. Jamison, assistant director of survey, dated July 16 and July 22, 1929.

13 American Bar Association Report, 1927, p. 468Google Scholar.

14 A justice of the supreme court of Missouri comments on the survey in the American Bar Association Journal, vol. 13, p. 726Google Scholar.

15 Laws of 1926, Ch. 457.

16 Ibid., Ch. 705.

17 Laws of 1928, Ch. 354.

18 Laws of 1926, Ch. 461.

19 Laws of 1927, Ch. 266.

20 Laws of 1927, Ch. 596.

21 Post Standard, Syracuse, N. Y., March 30, 1929Google Scholar.

22 Laws of 1928, Ch. 170.

23 Laws of 1926, Ch. 418.

24 Ibid., Ch. 419.

25 Laws of 1928, Ch. 374.

26 Ibid., Ch. 639.

27 Laws of 1926, Ch. 416.

28 Ibid., Ch. 464.

29 Ibid., Ch. 465.

30 Laws of 1927, Ch. 337.

31 Laws of 1928, Ch. 313.

32 Laws of 1928, Ch. 460.

33 Ibid., Ch. 841.

34 Ibid., Chs. 485, 490.

35 Post Standard, Syracuse, N. Y., March 30, 1929Google Scholar.

36 Report of the Commission for the Reform of Criminal Procedure to the Legislature, Sacramento, 1927Google Scholar; California Legislature, Forty-seventh Session, Assembly Daily Journal, January 13, 1927, pp. 2–19Google Scholar.

37 Statutes of California, 1927, p. 1045, amending Penal Code, Sec. 809Google Scholar.

38 Statutes of California, 1927, pp. 1044–1045, amending Penal Code, Sec. 825Google Scholar.

39 Ibid., p. 1036, adding new section 1050 to Penal Code.

40 Ibid.

41 Ibid., pp. 1047–1048, amending Penal Code, Sec. 1252.

42 Report of the Commission for the Reform of Criminal Procedure, p. 1919.

43 Statutes of California, 1927, p. 1029, amending Penal Code, Sec. 1078Google Scholar.

44 Ibid., p. 1046, amending Penal Code, Secs. 484–485.

45 Ibid., p. 1066, amending Penal Code, Sec. 644, and p. 1064, adding to the Penal Code new section 969a.

46 Ibid., p. 1065, amending Penal Code, Sec. 960; also pp. 1040–1043, amending Penal Code, Secs. 954, 956, 951, 952.

47 Ibid., pp. 1148–1149, amending Penal Code, Secs. 1016, 1017, and adding new section 1026. See also Fricke, Charles W. “Some of the Important Changes in California Criminal Law,” Journal of Delinquency, Vol. 11, September, 1927, p. 188Google Scholar.

48 Statutes of California, 1927, p. 1040, adding to the Penal Code new section 1044Google Scholar.

49 Ibid., pp. 1040–1041, amending Penal Code, Sec. 1008.

50 Ibid., p. 1063, amending Penal Code, Sec. 1089.

51 Ibid., p. 1038, amending Penal Code, Sec. 1123.

52 Ibid., p. 1062, amending Penal Code, Sec. 1070.

53 Ibid., p. 1493, amending Penal Code, Sec. 1203. Adverse criticism of this law may be found in Fricke, , “Crime Laws of California,” Journal of Delinquency, Vol. 12, March, 1928, p. 45Google Scholar.

54 Statutes of California, 1927, pp. 1491–1493, amending Penal Code, Sec. 1168Google Scholar.

55 Ibid., pp. 1385–1388, amending Penal Code, Secs. 1305, 1306, 1288, 1278, 1287, and adding new section 1275.

56 Ibid., 1927, p. 2367.

57 Report of the California Crime Commission, Sacramento, 1929Google Scholar.

58 Statutes of California, 1929, Chs. 383, 299, 849.

59 Statutes of California, 1929, Ch. 788.

60 Ibid., 1929, Chs. 417, 875, 786.

61 Ibid., 1929, Chs. 737, 385, 684, 248, 512.

62 Ibid., 1929, Chs. 191, 544, 866.

63 See Kidd, A. M., “California Legislation in Regard to Crime for 1929,” California Law Review, Vol. XVII, July, 1929, p. 537Google Scholar.

64 Report of Commission of Inquiry into Criminal Procedure, 1927, p. 3Google Scholar.

65 Letter from Sherman D. Callender, chairman, addressed to the writer on October 19, 1928.

66 Letter from Robert M. Toms, formerly prosecuting attorney of Wayne county, in which Detroit is located, and now on the bench in the same city, addressed to the writer on October 18, 1928; Report of the Commission, pp. 3–5.

67 The legislature failed to accept the commission's recommendation to comment upon the defendant's failure to take the stand and testify in his own defense. Report of the Commission, p. 13; letter to the writer from Sherman D. Callender, chairman of the commission, dated October 19, 1928.

68 Code of Criminal Procedure, 1927, Ch. 3; Sec. 3, Report of the Commission, pp. 8–9.

69 Report, p. 9; Code, Ch. 3, Sec. 6.

70 Report, pp. 10–11; Code, Ch. 5.

71 Report, p. 11; Code, Ch. 6, Sec. 7.

72 Report, p. 12; Code, Ch. 8, Sec. 1, 2, 5, 12.

73 Report, p. 13; Code, Ch. 8, Sec. 20, 21.

74 Report, pp. 13–14.

75 Code, Ch. 8, Sec. 29.

76 Report, p. 15; Code, Ch. 9, Secs. 10, 11, 12.

77 Report, pp. 15–16; Code, Ch. 10.

78 House Enrolled Act No. 21, 55th Legislature, 1929, amending The Code of Criminal Procedure, Ch. 7, Sec. 29. These acts were furnished by the secretary of state. At the time of writing, official copies of bound session laws were not available.

79 Ibid., amending The Code of Criminal Procedure, Ch. 8, Sec. 20.

80 Ibid., amending The Code of Criminal Procedure, Ch. 9, Sec. 12. The writer was unable to find legislation amending the Code of Criminal Procedure so as to remove from the operation of the habitual criminal law liquor felonies such as have attracted much newspaper publicity. Possibly this was accomplished by amending the substantive law, copies of which were not available at the time of writing.

81 Letter from Leona M. Esch, operating director of the Cleveland Association of Criminal Justice, dated October 23, 1928, 1 Ohio Bar, No. 37, December 11, 1928.

82 Amended Senate Bill No. 8. An Act to Revise and Codify the Code of Criminal Procedure of Ohio, etc., 1929, Ch. 14.

83 Ibid., Ch. 16.

84 Amended Senate Bill No. 8, Ch. 20.

85 Ibid., Ch. 21.

86 Ibid., Ch. 22.

87 Ibid., Ch. 23, Sec. 3. It would seem, however, that a similar provision has been a part of the Ohio law for some time.

88 Ibid., Ch. 38.

89 Indiana Law Journal, Vol. 2, p. 218, note 4Google Scholar.

90 Indiana Law Journal, Vol. 2, p. 316–321Google Scholar.

90a Pickens, William A., president of the Indiana Bar Association, reviews this legislation in Indiana Law Journal, Vol. 2, pp. 474–477Google Scholar.

91 Laws of Indiana, 1927, Ch. 132, Sec. 2.

92 ibid., Ch. 132, Sec. 3.

93 Ibid., Ch. 132, Sec. 6.

94 Ibid., Ch. 132, Sec. 1.

95 Ibid., Ch. 132, Sec. 4. The writer is indebted to Dean Justin Miller, of the Law School of the University of Southern California, for an explanation of this use of the word affidavit.

96 Ibid., Ch. 132, Sec. 6.

97 Ibid., Ch. 132, Sec. 10.

98 Ibid., Ch. 132, Secs. 11–12.

99 Ibid., Ch. 132, Sec. 13.

100 Laws of Indiana, 1927, Ch. 132, Sec. 15.

101 Ibid., Ch. 132, Sec. 16.

102 Ibid., Ch. 268. Passed again in 1929. See Laws of Indiana, 1929, Ch. 235.

103 Ibid., Ch. 216. This was continued for the biennium 1929–30. Laws of Indiana, 1929, Ch. 116.

104 Ibid., Ch. 102.

105 Laws of Indiana, 1929, Ch. 54, Sec. 1.

106 Ibid., Ch. 54, Sec. 2.

107 Ibid., Ch. 54, Sec. 3.

108 Ibid., Ch. 54, Secs. 5–6.

109 Laws of Indiana, 1927, Ch. 117.

110 ibid., Ch. 203.

111 Louisiana Session Laws, 1926, Act No. 262; Code of Criminal Procedure, 1928, p. 1Google Scholar.

112 Louisiana Session Laws, 1926, Act No. 276.

113 Title 8 in both draft and enacted codes.

114 Title 11 in both draft and enacted codes.

115 Title 18, Ch. 3, in both draft and enacted codes.

116 Title 19 in both draft and enacted codes.

117 Title 20, Ch. 4, in both draft and enacted codes.

118 Enacted Code, Art. 354; Draft Code, Art. 357.

119 Draft Code, Title 23; Enacted Code, Title 22.

120 Draft Code, p. 6.

121 Draft Code, Art. 466; Enacted Code, Art. 462.

122 Draft Code, p. 7; Enacted Code, Art. 557.

123 Draft Code, Title 32; Enacted Code, Title 31.

124 The Minnesota Crime Commission's report was published as a supplement to the Minnesota Law Review, Vol. 11.

125 See mimeographed report of the National Crime Commission Conference at Washington, November 2 and 3, 1927; Oscar Hallam's address on Minnesota Crime Commission, November 2, pp. 15–17.

126 Session Laws of Minnesota, 1927, Ch. 224, p. 318Google Scholar; Minnesota Crime Commission Report, p. 20.

127 Session Laws of Minnesota, 1927, Ch. 236, pp. 337–339Google Scholar; Minnesota Crime Commission Report, pp. 40–41.

128 Session Laws of Minnesota, 1927, Ch. 294, p. 407Google Scholar; Minnesota Crime Commission Report, p. 39.

129 Session Laws of Minnesota, 1927, Ch. 297, p. 410Google Scholar; Minnesota Crime Commission Report, p. 30.

130 Session Laws of Minnesota, 1927, Ch. 296, p. 410Google Scholar; Minnesota Crime Commission Report, p. 31.

131 Session Laws of Minnesota, 1927, Ch. 255, p. 378Google Scholar; Minnesota Crime Commission Report, p. 31.

132 Session Laws of Minnesota, 1927, Ch. 233, pp. 334–355Google Scholar; Minnesota Crime Commission Report, p. 35.

133 Session Laws of Minnesota, 1929, Ch. 277.

134 Report to the General Assembly Meeting in 1929 of the Commission Appointed to Study the Laws, Procedure, etc., Relating to Crime and Criminals.

135 Act No. 10, Report, p.94; Senate File 272. These acts, furnished by the legislative reference bureau, could not be verified with session laws at time of writing.

136 Act No. 11, Report, pp. 95–100; Senate File 309.

137 Act No. 18, Report, p. 117; House File 683.

138 Act No. 14, Report, p. 101; Senate File 317.

139 Act No. 17, Report, p. 115; House File 566.

140 Session laws of 1928 were not available to the writer. This information was taken from a copy of First Annual Report of the Criminal Law Advisory Commission, 1928, marked by Andrews, Harold A.Google Scholar, secretary of the commission. See also Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology, Vol. 19, p. 269Google Scholar; Public Laws of Rhode Island, 1927–28, Chs. 940, 950, 977, 1192, 1193.

141 First Annual Report of the Baltimore Criminal Justice Commission, 1923, p. 3; Hepbron, James M., “Local Crime Commissions,” Scientific Monthly, Vol. 24, May, 1927, pp. 426–431Google Scholar.

142 Hepbron, James M., in Scientific Monthly, Vol. 24, May, 1927, p. 430Google Scholar.

143 Moley, , Politics and Criminal Prosecution, p. 28Google Scholar; Sixth Annual Report, 1928, Baltimore Criminal Justice Commission.

144 Hepbron, James M., Probation and Penal Treatment in Baltimore, June, 1927Google Scholar.

145 Quarterly Bulletin, Baltimore Criminal Justice Commission, quarter ending March 31, 1929.

146 Bulletin of the Chicago Crime Commission, No. 42, Sept. 1, 1926.

147 Criminal Justice: Journal of the Chicago Crime Commission, No. 55, February, 1928; Roberts, Kenneth L., “Watchdogs of Crime,” Saturday Evening Post, Vol. 200, Oct. 8, 1927, pp. 45–47Google Scholar.

148 Comment on the Chicago Crime Commission is contained in an editorial in the New Republic, Vol. 56, August 29, 1928, p. 36Google Scholar. Professor Merriam refers to the personality of Mr.Loesch, in his Chicago (New York, 1929)Google Scholar.

149 Pamphlet No. 5, May 1928.

150 Letter of that date to the writer.

151 Letter of October 13, 1928, from Florence L. C. Kitchell of New Haven, and of October 16, 1928, from Judge George H. Day of Hartford.

152 Bruce, and Fitzgerald, , “A Study of Crime in the City of Memphis, Tennessee,” in Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology, Vol. 19, August, 1928, No. 2, Part 2, pp. 3–7Google Scholar.

153 See the review of Kane, Francis F. in Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology, Vol. 17, pp. 310–327CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

154 A. K. in ibid., p. 160.

155 Quarterly Bulletin, Baltimore Criminal Justice Commission, March 31, 1929, p. 2Google Scholar.

156 See a series of articles by Professor J. P. Chamberlain in recent issues of the American Bar Association Journal.

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