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Quo Vadis Arbitration? Sixty Years of Arbitration Practice. By Pieter Sanders. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 1999. Pp. xix, 451. Index. €106.50; $141; £82.25.

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 June 2017

Andreas F. Lowenfeld
Andreas F. Lowenfeld*
Affiliation:
New York University School of Law
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Book Reviews and Notes
Information
American Journal of International Law , Volume 95 , Issue 3 , July 2001 , pp. 728 - 731
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of International Law 2001

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References

1 Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards, June 10, 1958, 21 UST 2517, 330 UNTS 38.

2 That is, resort to courts both at the situs of the arbitration and at the place where enforcement is sought.

3 See UN Conference on International Commercial Arbitration, May-June 1958, UN Doc. E/Conf. 26/L.17 (1958), containing Netherlands’ amendments to what became (with some further revisions) Articles III, IV, and V of the Convention, as well as Sanders’s remarks in introducing the amendments, UN Doc. E/Conf.26/ SR.11, at 5-6(1958).

4 See Netherlands’ amendment introducing what became Article II of the Convention, UN Doc. E/Conf. 26/L.54 (1958), and Sanders’s remarks, UN Doc. E/Conf.26/SR.21, at 17. Apparently the decision on this issue came too late for the title of the Convention to be revised to include recognition of agreements as well as of awards. For a summary of the debate, with some countries urging the exclusion of agreements, and some urging a protocol that would be optional, see G. W. Haight, Convention on The Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards: Summary Analysis of Record of The United Nations Conference, May, June, 1958, at 21-28.

5 June 21, 1985, UN Doc. A/40/17, Annex 1, reprinted in 24 ILM 1302 (1985).

6 V & Kv. H, BGHZ 53, 315 (322) (Bundesgerichtshof 1970).

7 As quoted in Harbour Assurance Co. (U.K.) v. Kansa Gen. Int’l Ins. Co., [1993] Q.B. 701, 724 (C.A.).

8 Prima Paint Corp. v. Flood & Conklin Mfg. Co., 338 U.S. 395 (1967).

9 See the Federal Arbitration Act, 9 U.S.C. §10 (1994), for a listing of the grounds for setting aside an award, which are limited to arbitral misconduct or lack of due process. For an example of state law to the same effect, see New York’s Arbitration Act, N.Y. C.P.L.R. §7511 (McKinney2001).

10 Esso Australia Resources Ltd. v. Plowman, 128 A.L.R. 391, 401 (High Court Austl. 1995), reprinted in 11 Arb. Int’l 235 (1995).

11 Special Issue on the Confidentiality of International Commercial Arbitration, 11 Arb. Int’l 231 (1995), including the complete text of the decision of the High Court of Australia, four expert reports submitted to the trial court, and several articles and case notes on die subject.

12 Editorial on “Confidentiality, “11 Arb. Int’l 231 (1995).

13 It is worth noting that WTO decisions, both by panels and by the Appellate Body, are now routinely released and, indeed, posted on the Internet, as are awards of NAFTA and ICSID panels. This is not the case, however, with most private awards.

14 Sanders, Pieter, The New York Convention, in Union Internationale Des Avocats, 2 Arbitrage International Commercial = International Commercial Arbitration 292, 321 (1960)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

15 Hilmarton Ltd. (U.K.) v. Omnium de traitement et de valorisation - OTV (Fr.), 1994 Rev. De L’ Arbitrage 327, 20 Y.B. Com. Arb. 663 (1995) (Cass. le civ. Mar. 23, 1994).

16 Chromalloy Aeroservices Inc. v. Arab Republic of Egypt, 939 F.Supp. 907 (D.D.C. 1996), reprinted in 22 Y.B. Com. Arb. 1001 (1997).

17 The Chromalloy case involved an arbitration between an American supplier of military training and equipment, and the Egyptian Air Force. The defense to enforcement of the award was that the arbitrators applied the Egyptian civil code, rather than the administrative code, which in effect allowed the government to repudiate contracts freely. That defense had been rejected by the arbitrators (2-1) as essentially contrary to an agreement to submit the contract to international commercial arbitration. For full-length discussion of the issue of foreign enforcement of awards set aside at the situs, see, for example, William, W. Park, Duty and Discretion in International Arbitration, 99 AJIL 805 (1999)Google Scholar, and Hulbert, Richard, Further Observations on Chromalloy: A Contract Misconstrued, a Law Misapplied, and an Opportunity Foregone, 13 ICSID Rev.-Foreign Investment L.J. 124 (1998)Google Scholar.

18 I am not sure where Sanders stands on cross-examination, which he does not discuss. I believe that part of the harmonization of arbitral procedure over the past three decades has been that cross-examination has become the norm, and that European lawyers who initially were not very good at it have learned to cross-examine quite as well as English and American counsel.

19 See 35 U.S.C. §135(d) (1994 & Supp. 1999); id. §294 (1994&Supp. 1999) (adopted in 1982).