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The Moon Treaty Enters Into Force

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 March 2017

Carl Q. Christol
Carl Q. Christol*
Affiliation:
Political Science, University of Southern California
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Extract

On July 11, 1984, the 1979 Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies entered into force following the deposit with the Secretary-General of the United Nations of the fifth instrument of ratification. The Agreement, following its adoption by the General Assembly, was opened for signature on December 18, 1979. In the intervening years, it has been signed by Austria, Chile, France, Guatemala, India, Morocco, the Netherlands, Peru, the Philippines, Romania and Uruguay. The fifth state to deposit its ratification was Austria, which followed Chile, the Philippines, Uruguay and the Netherlands.

Type
Current Developments
Information
American Journal of International Law , Volume 79 , Issue 1 , January 1985 , pp. 163 - 168
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of International Law 1985

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References

1 GA Res. 34/68 (Dec. 5, 1979), reprinted in 18 ILM 1434 (1979).

2 Done Jan. 27, 1967, 18 UST 2410, TIAS No. 6347, 610 UNTS 205.

3 Done Apr. 22, 1968, 19 UST 7570, TIAS No. 6599, 672 UNTS 119.

4 Done Mar. 29, 1972, 24 UST 2389, TIAS No. 7762.

5 Done Jan. 14, 1975, 28 UST 695, TIAS No. 8480.

6 Section of International Law, Report to the ABA House of Delegates 10 (1980) [hereinafter cited as International Law Section Report], reprinted in The Moon Treaty: Hearings Before the Subcomm. on Science, Technology and Space of the Senate Comm. on Commerce, Science and Transportation [hereinafter cited as Senate Hearings], 96th Cong., 2d Sess. 76, 78 (1980).

7 Article 18 of the Agreement characterizes the common heritage of mankind as a principle.

8 International Law Section Report, supra note 6, at 76.

9 Id. at 80.

10 Id. at 76.

11 Section of Natural Resources Law, Report with Recommendation to the ABA House of Delegates, reprinted in Senate Hearings, supra note 6, at 82, 85.

12 Id.

13 UN Doc. A/AC.105/PV.203, at 23–25 (1979).

14 Id. at 43–45. For an assessment of the unsuccessful efforts of the less-developed countries to obtain support for their moratorium proposals, see Christol, , The Common Heritage of Mankind Provision in the 1979 Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, 14 Int’l Law. 429, 466–74 (1980)Google Scholar.

15 Recommendation to the House of Delegates (1982), reprinted in Christol, , The American Bar Association and the Moon Treaty, 9 J. Space L. 77, 90 (1981)Google Scholar.

16 Id. at 91.

17 International Law Association, Report of the Sixtieth Conference, 1982, at 12(1983).