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The Hudsonian Sea is a Great Open Sea1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 May 2017

Thomas Willing Balch
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Extract

As a result of the continual development of the northwest provinces of the Dominion of Canada, the railroad is advancing slowly closer and closer to the Hudsonian Sea. The Canadian Northern Railway aims to extend its system to Port Nelson, and the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway proposes to build a line to Fort Churchill, both suitably protected harbors on that great sea. If during a short portion of the year the breadstuffs harvested in Saskatchewan and Alberta could be transported to either or both of these points on the Hudsonian Sea, and then by steamer to Liverpool or some other European port, the length of the route between the northwest prairies of Canada and the markets of Europe would be considerably shortened.

Type
Research Article
Information
American Journal of International Law , Volume 7 , Issue 3 , July 1913 , pp. 546 - 565
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of International Law 1913

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Footnotes

1

This article is largely though not exactly an English version of Mr. Balch’s paper, La baie d’Hudson est une grande mer ouverte, which was published in the REVUE DE DROIT INTERNATIONAL ET DE LLGIBLATION COMPARtE, Brussels, 1913, Vol. XV, new series, pp. 153–172.

References

2 The Commercial and Financial Chronicle, Railway and Industrial Section, New York, February 22, 1913: Map of The Canadian Northern Railway, February 22, 1913, p. 23.

3 Ibid., Map of the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway, February 22, 1913, p. 58.

4 The Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th ed., Vol. XIX, p. 974

5 Ibid., Vol. IX, p. 408, Vol. XIV, p. 742, Vol. XXIV, p. 412.

6 Nouveau Larousse illustré, the article entitled France.

7 Ibid., see the article entitled Allemagne.

8 The New International Encyclopaedia, New York, 1907, see the articles entitled Pennsylvania, and New York.

9 Ellsພ Reclus, Nouvelle Geographic Universelle, Paris, 1870, Vol. XV, p. 377. The original French of Reclus follows: ““La mer de Hudson, généralement designée sous le nom tout a fait impropre de ‘baie’,” etc.

10 Ibid., p. 379.

11 Ibid. This map is entitled, Amérigue Boréale, 1890.

12 Encyclopaedia Britannica, Vol. XIX, p. 974.

13 G. M., Asher of Heidelberg, Henry Hudson the Navigator, Brooklyn, 1867; Justin Winsor, Narrative and Critical History of America, New York and Boston, 1884, Vol. III, pp. 92–93; Christopher Columbus, New York, 1892, p. 650.Google Scholar

14 The St. Lawrence, QUARTERLY REVIEW, April, 1912, p. 400.

15 The Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th ed., Vol. XIII, p. 851.

16 Emer de Vattel, Le Droit des Gens ou Principes de la loi naturelle, Amsterdam, 1775, Vol. 1, p. 142.

17 Treaties and Conventions concluded between the United States of America and other Powers, since July 4, 1776, Washington, 1889, pp. 415–416.

18 James Brown Scott, Argument of the Honorable Elihu Root on behalf of the United States before the North Atlantic Coast Fisheries Arbitration Tribunal at The Hague, 1910, 1912, p. CXV.

19 Le Comte Ferdinand Lucchesi-Palli, Principes du Droit Public Maritime, Paris, 1842.

20 Sir Robert Phillimore, International Law, London, 1879, Vol. I, p. 284.

21 J. C. Bluntschli, Le Droit International Codifié, traduction de Lardy, Paris, 1886, sec. 309.

22 F., de Martens, Traité de Droit International, Paris, 1883, Vol. I, p. 504.Google Scholar

23 Alphonse Rivier, Principes de Droit des Gens, Paris, 1896, Vol. I, p. 155.

24 Georges Bry, Droit International Public, Paris, 1892, 2d ed., p. 207.

25 Henry Bonfils, Manuel de Droit International Public, Paris, 1901, 3d ed., revised and brought up to date by Paul Fauchille, p. 285, sec. 516.

26 Alfred Chretien, Droit International Public, Paris, 1893, pp. 102–103.

27 Franz Despagnet, Cours de Droit International Public, Paris, 1894, p. 438.

28 Henry Bonfils, Manuel de Droit International Public, Paris, 1901, 3d ed., revised and brought up to date by Paul Fauchille, p. 285, sec. 516.

29 J., de Louter Het Stellig Volkenrecht, The Hague, 1910, Vol. I, p. 386.Google Scholar

30 Georges Bry, Droit International Public, Paris, 1892, 2d ed., p. 207.

31 Henry Bonfils, Manuel de Droit International Public, Paris, 1901, 3d ed., revised and brought up to date by Paul Fauchille, p. 285, sec. 516.

32 Association for the Reform and Codification of the Law of Nations, Fifteenth Annual Report, London, 1893, Territorial Waters, pp. 7–15, passim.

33 The Times, London, March 23 and 24, 1908; Thomas Wemyss Fulton, The Sovereignty of the Sea, Edinburgh and London, 1911, p. 663.

34 The Times, London, March 24, 1908, p. 5.

35 The Encyclopaedia Britannica, Cambridge, England, at the University Press, 1910, 11th ed., Vol. XIII.

36 Lassa Oppenheim, International Law, London, 1912, 2d ed., Vol. I, p. 263.

37 Ibid., p. 322.

38 Georges Frederic de Martens, Preces du Droit des Gents moderns de l’Europe, fondé sur les traites et l’Usage, Gottingen, 1789, Vol. I, p. 191.

39 Théodore Ortolan, Règles internationales et Diplomatie de la Mer, Paris, 1856, Vol. I, p. 163.

40 Thomas Wemyss Fulton, The Sovereignty of the Sea, Edinburgh, 1911, p. 657.

41 Thomas Baty, The Three-mile Limit, Lew MAGAZINE AND REVIEW, London, February, 1912.

42 René Waultrin, La Mer Blanche est-elle une mer libre? — L’Affaire de l’Onward Ho! REVUE GéNéRALE DE DROIT INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC, Paris, 1911, p. 94 et seq.

43 Fur Seal Arbitration, Washington, 1895, Vol. 4, p. 108.

44 John Westlake, International Law, The University Press, Cambridge, 1910, 2d ed., Part I, p. 200.

45 Le Baron Ferdinand de Cussy, Phases et Causes Cabbres du Droit Maritime des Nations, Leipzig, 1856, Vol. I, p. 134.

46 Heinrich Geffcken, Incidents de droit international dens le differend anglo-russe, REVUE DE DROIT INTERNATIONAL ET DE LéGISLATION COMPARéE, Brussels, 1885, Vol. XVII, p. 363.

47 Georges Frederic de Martens, Recueil des traites, Gottingen, 1818, Vol. III, pp. 195 and 250.

48 Le Baron Ferdinand de Cussy, Phases et Causes Celebres du Droit Maritime des

49 Ibid., Vol. I, p. 135; Vol. II, p. 71.

50 Heinrich Geffcicen in REVUE DE DROIT INTERNATIONAL ET DE LéGISLATION COMPARéE, Brussels, 1885, Vol. XVII, p. 364.

51 R.Piédeliévre, Droit International Public, Paris, 1894, p. 356.

52 Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th ed., 1910, Vol. XXI, p. 12.

53 James, Brown Scott, Argument of the Honorable Elihu Root on behalf of the United States before the North Atlantic Coast Fisheries Arbitration Tribunal at The Hague, 1910, World Peace Foundation, 1912, pp. 293, 296.Google Scholar

54 The Scots Law Times Reports, Edinburgh, Vol. XIV, p. 227; Mortensen v. Peters, in the High Court of Justiciary.

55 Law Reports, 2 Appeal Cases, London, 1877, p. 420.

56 Parliamentary Debates, authorized edition, 4th series, London, 1907, Vol. 169, p. 289.

57 Ibid., pp. 989–990.

58 Ernest Nys, Le Droit International: Les principee, les theories, les faits, Brussels, 1912, 2d ed., Vol. II, p. 171 et seq.

59 Amos, S. Hershey, Essentials cf International Public Law, New York, 1912, p. 200. The italics have been added by the present writer.Google Scholar