Published online by Cambridge University Press: 30 March 2017
The aftermath of military conflict can be an occasion for transforming politics and society. In postwar Europe, aided by the Marshall Plan, statesmen such as Jean Monnet and Konrad Adenauer rebuilt the smoking ruins of an international conflict into an economic community with a strong democratic ethos, a common political identity, and a workable social balance. The old rivalries of the continent were abated by joint-security commitments, and the sense of Europe as a political space was strengthened by the human rights standards of the Helsinki process.
1 An Agenda for Peace: Preventive Diplomacy, Peacemaking and Peace-Keeping [Report of the Secretary- General pursuant to the statement adopted by the summit meeting of the Security Council on Jan. 31,1992], UN Doc. A/47/277-S/24111 (1992), UN Sales No. E.95.I.15 (1995).
2 Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali set out a host of objectives for the international community that he thought to be attainable. These included “disarming the previously warring parties and the restoration of order, the custody and possible destruction of weapons, repatriating refugees, advisory and training support for security personnel, monitoring elections, advancing efforts to protect human rights, reforming or strengthening governmental institutions and promoting formal and informal processes of political participation.” Id., pt. 6, para. 59. Even these goals may promise no more than short-term stability, and the post-Agenda decade has provided a cautionary lesson in the difficulties of their pursuit.