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Current Views of the Soviet Union on the International Organization of Security, Economic Coöperation and International Law: A Summary

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 April 2017

Charles Prince
Charles Prince*
Affiliation:
Economic Research Department, United States Chamber of Commerce
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Extract

The U.S.S.R. is destined to play a decisive role in establishing an effective international organization of security. Therefore a summary of current trends of thought and attitudes in the Soviet Union is here presented, reflecting its foreign policy and its views on the Dumbarton Oaks Proposals, the Bretton Woods Articles of Agreement, the legal status of the Polish Govemment-In-Exile, the treatment of Germany, the Chicago Civil Aviation Conference, the legal status of the Atlantic Charter and the situation in the Far East.

Type
Research Article
Information
American Journal of International Law , Volume 39 , Issue 3 , July 1945 , pp. 450 - 485
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of International Law 1945

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References

1 Academician Vladimir Potemkin, “Period Pered Vtoroi Mirovoi Voinoi I Borba Sovetskogo Soyuza Za Mir” (The Period Before the Second World War and the Soviet Union's Struggle for Peace) in Voina J Rabochii Klass, No. 8 (September 15, 1943), and No. 9 (October 1, 1943). See also B. Shatrov, “O. Lige Natzii” (Concerning a League of Nations) in Voina I Rabochii Klass, No. 14 (December 15, 1943).

l a Professor Boris Shtein, “Uroki Istorii” (Lessons of History), in Voina I Rabochii Klass, No. 16 (August 15, 1944), p. 18.

2 N. Malinin, “Mezhdunarodnaya Organizatziya Bezopasnosti” (International Organization of Security) in Zvezda, No. 4 (April, 1944).

3 Dumbarton Oaks Documents on International Organization (Department of State Publication 2192), Washington, 1944. The first phase of the conversations between representatives of the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Soviet Union took place from August 21 to September 28, 1944; the second phase, between representatives of the United States, the United Kingdom, and China, was held from September 29 to October 7, 1944. Soviet representatives who participated in the conversations at Dumbarton Oaks were: Ambassador Andrei A. Gromyko, Chairman of the Delegation; Mikhail M. Yunin, Secretary; Grigori G. Dolbin; Professor Sergei A. Golunsky; Professor Sergei B. Krylov; Rear Admiral Konstantin K. Rodionov; Major General Nikolai V. Slavin; Arkadi A. Sobolev; Semen K. Zarapkin; and Valentin M. Bereahkov, Secretary-Interpreter.

4 Leading Editorial: “Sovietskii Soyuz V Borbe Protiv Fashistkikh Agressii” (The Soviet Union in the War Against Fascist Aggression) in Voina I Babochii Klass, No. 22 (November 15,1944).

5 Leading Editorial: “K. Voprosu O Mezhdunarodnoi Organizatzii Bezopasnosti” (Towards the Problem of International Organization of Security) in Izveatiya, No. 241 (October 10, 1944).

6 N. Malinin, “K Voprosu O Sozdaniye Mezhdunarodnoi Organizatzii Bezopasnostii” (Towards Setting Up an International Security Organization), in Voina I Rabochii Klass, No. 24 (December 15, 1944).

7 Leading Editorial, “Ot Voine K Prochnomu Mini” (From War to Lasting Peace), in Voina I Rabochii Klass, No. 16, August 15, 1944.

8 Leading Editorial, “O Mezhdunarodnoi Organizatzii Bezopasnosti” (Concerning the International Organization of Security), in Voina I Rabochii Klass, No. 20 (October 15, 1944). For a fuller statement of this argument, see Eyvgeni Zhukov, “O Yapono-Germanskikh Otnosheniyakh” (Concerning Japanese-German Relations), in Bolshevik, No. 7-8 (April, 1944).

9 A. Galin, “Rol S.S.S.R. V Splochenii Sil Slovobodolyu Bivekh Narodov V, Borbe Protiv Fashizma” (The Rô1e of the U.S.S.R. Among the Peace-Loving Peoples in the Fight Against Fascism), in Bolshevik, No. 13 (July, 1943).

10 L. Dmitriev, “Nekotoreye Probleme Obespecheniya Mira I Bezopasnosti Posle Voiny” (Some Problems of Guaranteeing Post-War Peace and Security), in Voina I Rabochii Klass, No. 15 (August 1, 1944).

11 Josif Lemin, “Anglo-Sovetsko-Amerikanskii Boevoi Soyuz V Deistvii” (The Anglo- Soviet-American Fighting Alliance in Operation), in Mirovoye Khozaistvo I Mirovaya Politika, No. 6 (June, 1944). See also Leading Editorial: “Boevoe Sodbuzhestvo Krepnet (Fighting Companionship Gains Strength), in Izvestiya, No. 251 (October 21, 1944).

11 a Molotov reiterated this charge in his address on April 26, 1945, before the United Nations Conference, although this serious allegation was little noted in the American press.

12 “Inostrannaya Politika Sovetskogo Soyuza V Otchechestvenoi Voiny” (Foreign Policy of the Soviet Union During the Patriotic War). Collection of Documents Relating to the Foreign Policy of the Soviet Union During Two and One Half Years of War, June 22, 1941- Dec. 31, 1943, Moscow, Ogiz, 1944.

13 Department of State Bulletin, No. 273 (September 17, 1944), p. 291.

14 For text of agreement, see United Nations Review, July 15, 1944.

15 Marshal Yosip Broz-Tito, “Borba Narodov Poraboshchennoi Yugoslavii” (The Struggle of the Peoples of Subjugated Yugoslavia), in Bolshevik, No. 10-11 (May-June, 1944). This article was translated into ten languages and published in as many pamphlets by the Gosudarstvennoe Izdatelstvo Politicheskoi Literatury. Marshal Yosip Broz-Tito, “Znacheniye Roshenii Antifascistskogo Vecha Narodnogo Osvobozhdeniya Yugoslavii” (Significance of the Resolution of the Anti-Fascist Veche for Yugoslav National Liberation), in Slaviyane, No. 5 (May, 1944).

15 a Text of the Report by Premier Vyacheslav M. Molotov to the Sixth Session of the Supreme Council of the U.S.S.R. on March 29, 1940, in Mirovoye Khozaistvo I Mirovaya Politika, No. 3 (March, 1940). p. 5. At present, Mr. Molotov is People's Commissar§for Foreign Affairs of the U.S.S.R.

15 b American Review on the Soviet Union, Vol. VI, No. 2 (February, 1945), p. 64.

15 c Pravda and Izvestiya, March 10, 1945.

16 Vyacheslav M. Molotov in Pravda, September 18,1939. Excerpts of this radio address were also published in The New York Times, September 18, 1939.

17 D. Anishev, “Polskii Narod Na Dorogu Do Svobodu I Nezavisimosti Osvobozhdenii” (The Polish People on the Road to Freedom and Independence), in Bolshevik, No. 13-14 (July, 1944). The monetary decree issued by the Soviet-sponsored Lublin government on January 15,1945, and the land reform that is now being executed, as well as the socialization of basic industries and other economic activities would tend to refute the Soviet contention about a “free” and “independent” Poland.

18 Professor Oscar Lange of the University of Chicago made this announcement on his return trip to the Kremlin and reported in The New York Times, May 22, 1944.

19 “The Crimea Conference,” in Department of State Bulletin, Vol. XII, No. 295 (February 18, 1945), p. 215.

20 Professor Eyvgeni Korovin, “Kakova Pravovaya Osnova Polskogo Emigranskogo Pravitelstva?” (What is the Legal Background of the Polish Emigre1 “Government“) in Voina I Rabochii Klass, No. 14 (July 15, 1944), p. 28.

21 Note of Alexander Bogomolev, who was the accredited Soviet Ambassador to the Polish Government-in-Exile (London), dated March 31, 1943 and addressed to Count Edward Raczynski, Polish Minister for Foreign Affairs.

22 Academician Eyvgeni Tarle, “K Voprosu O Budushchei Zapadnoi Granitze Polishi” (Concerning the Question of Poland's Future Western Frontier) in Voina I Rabochvi Klass, No. 18 (September 15, 1944), p. 28.

23 A. Troyanovsky, “O Granitzakh Polski” (Concerning Polish Frontiers) in Bolshevik, No. 7-8 (April, 1944).

24 Apropos of the Soviet allegation it is noteworthy to observe the statement on the “Lublin Committee” made by British Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden in the House of Commons on March 1, 1945: Whether we like or dislike the Lublin Committee—and personally I say I dislike it—for the moment it is the authority which is functioning there in fulfilling the requirements of the Russian military authorities. We have in no sense recognized this Lublin Committee (cheers) and we have no intention of recognizing the Lublin Committee. We do not regard it as representative of Poland at all and let me add that when Prime Minister Churchill and I met the representatives of this Committee in Moscow they did not make a favorable impression upon us at all. There is no question; the House need not be anxious about our affording recognition to them. It does not surprise me to hear, for instance, as I was told today, that the Lublin Radio is pouring out streams of contentious stuff. I have no doubt what that Committee wants. Their purpose is to maintain the position they already hold, but that is not what we want, nor is it what the Yalta Conference decided upon. We have recognized this Government in London which has gone through many changes and we shall continue to recognize it until the new Government is created, if it is created, and only if the new Government is broadly representative of the Polish people. For a presentation of the Polish point of view, see the statements made by the Polish Government-in-Exile in Polish Facts and Figures, No. 14 (January, 1945) and No. 15 (March, 1945).

25 Order Of The Day of the People's Commissar of Defense Josef V. Stalin, No. 55 (February 23, 1942): Soviet War Documents, 1943, p. 24.

26 Note Submitted by Vyacheslav Molotov, People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the U.S.S.B., 1942, p. 4. This note was sent on April 27, 1942, to the Ambassadors and Ministers of all countries with which the U.S.S.R. maintained diplomatic relations. In addition to this note, this book contains documents and photographs testifying to the monstrous crimes, atrocities, and acts of violence perpetrated by the German fascist invaders in the occupied Soviet areas and the responsibility of the German Government and Military Command for these crimes.

27 Molotov, as cited, p. 39.

28 Soviet War Documents, June, 1941-November, 1943, Washington, 1943, p. 41.

29 Alexander A. Troyanovsky, Pochemoo Soyedinoneye Shtate Voyooyoot Protiv GiUerovskoi Germanii (Why the United States Fights Against Hitlerite Germany), Moscow, 1942. For a comprehenaive summary of this thesis, see review of this book by present writer in Political Science Quarterly, Vol. LIX, No. 3 (September, 1944).

30 Troyanovsky, p. 37.

31 Academician Eyvgenii Varga, “Vozmeshcheniye Ushcherba Gitlerovskoi Germanniye I Yeyo Soobshchnikami” (Reparations for Damages Caused by Hitlerite Germany and Her Satellites), in Voina I Rabochii Klass, No. 10 (October 15, 1943), p. 10.

32 Professor Eyvgeni Tarle, in Obshchee Sobranie Academii Nauuk S.S.S.R. (General Assembly of the Academy of Science), September 25-30, 1943, Moscow, 1944, pp. 183-192.

33 Professor Alexander N. Trainin, “Ugolovnaya Otvetstvennost Gitlerovtzev” (Criminal Responsibility of the Hitlerites), 1944 (Institute of Law, Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., published under the editorship of Academician A. Y. Vyshinsky; at present, Andrei Y. Vyshinsky is Vice Commissar for Foreign Affairs); see comprehensive review of this work by the present writer in American Bar Association Journal for July, 1945.

34 Trainin, as cited, pp. 86-86.

35 Professor Eyvgeni Korovin, “K Voprosu Ob Ugolovnoi Otvetstvennosti Gitlerovtzev” (Concerning the Question of Criminal Responsibility of the Hitlerites) in Voina I Rabochii Klass, No. 17 (September 1, 1944).

36 Professor A. N. Trainin, “Strategiya Miloserdiya” (The Strategy of Clemency) in Voina I Rabochii Klass, No. 19 (October 1, 1944).

37 Konstantin Hofman, “O Nekotorikh Planakh Spaseniya Germanskikh Monopoli” (Concerning Some Plans for the Salvation of German Monopolies), in Krasnaya Zvezda, October 11, 1944. Krasnaya Zvezda (Red Star) is the official organ of the State Commissariat of Defense; it is not circulated generally, but is destined for Red Army officers and men.

38 F. Glebovskii, “Gitlerovskaya Agentoora V Latinskoi Amerika” (Hitlerite Agents in Latin America), in Voina I Rabochii Klass, No. 16 (August 15, 1944).

39 Eastern European Weekly Survey (Federal Communications Commission), No. 21 (November 8, 1944).

40 Voina I Rabochii Klass, No. 21 (November 1, 1944).

41 Colonel M. Tolchenov, “Poslevoyenneye Probleme Grazhdanskoi Aviatzi” (Post-War Problems of Civil Aviation) in Voina I Rabochii Klass, No. 11 (November 1, 1943).

42 V. Cheprakov, “ Mezhdunarodnei Vozdushnei Transport Posle Voiny” (International Air Transport After the War) in Mirovoye Khozaisivo I Mirovaya Politika, No. 6 (June, 1944), pp. 49-60.

43 Editorial Note, “O Konferentzii V Chicago I O Sovietskom Soyuze” (Concerning the Conference in Chicago and the Soviet Union), in Voina I Rabochii Klass, No. 20, November 1, 1944.

44 In addition to Mr. Gousev, Amtorg was also represented by four advisers: I. V. Agapov, B. Gourin, D. Mailov and Bella Solasko.

45 War Documents (Department of State Publication 2162), 1944.

46 Professor Boris Shtein, “O-b Atlanticheskoi Khartii” (Concerning the Atlantic Charter) in Voina I Rabochii Klass, No. 9 (May 1, 1944).

47 The Crimea Conference in Department of State Bulletin, Vol. XII, No. 295 (February 18, 1945), p. 215.

48 Josef V. Stalin, “ O Velikoi Otchechestvennoi Voiny Sovetskogo Soyuza” (Concerning the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union), 1944; and “27th Anniversary of the October Socialist Revolution: Report of the Chairman of the State Committee of Defense,” given in Russian in Pravda, No. 268 (November 7, 1944). As of January 1945, the following were members of the powerful policy-making State Defense Committee: Josef V. Stalin, Vyacheslav M. Molotov, Lavrenti P. Beria, Gen. Nikolai Bulganin, Lazar M. Kaganovitch, Georgi N. Malenkov, Anastas I. Mikoyan, and Nikolai A. Voznessensky.

49 Isvestiya, April 15, 1941.

50 Pravda, April 13, 1942.

51 The Land of Socialism Today and Tomorrow (Reports and Speeches at the Eighteenth Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, March 10-21, 1939), Moscow, 1939, p. 135

52 War Documents (Department of State Publication 2162), Washington, 1944, p. 26.

53 Kh. Eidus, “Ostavka Todzho I Poloaheniye V Yaponii” (Tojo's Resignation and the Situation in Japan), in Mirovoye Kkozaistvo i Mirovoya Poltiika, No. 9 (September, 1944); V. Maslennikov, “Na Vosmom Godu Osvoboditelnoi Voiny” (The Eighth Year of the War of Liberation in China), in Mirovoye Khozaistvo i Mirovoya Poltiika, No. 10-11 (October- November, 1944); B. Grigeriev, “Kitai Na Vosmom Godu Voiny” (China in the Eighth Year of War), in Bolshevik, No. 17-18 (September 1944); I. A. Alexandrov, “K Polozheniyu V Kitaye” (About the Situation in China), in Voina i Rabochii Klass, No. 14 (July 15, 1944); V. Avarin, Kitai Na Nyneshnem Etape Voiny (China in the Present Phase of the War, in Voina i Rabochii Klass, No. 23, December 1, 1944).

54 “Seviet-Iranian Oil Controversy” in Eastern European Weekly Survey (Foreign Broadcast Intelligence Service), No. 21 (November 8, 1944), pp. 17-18.

55 The Montreux Convention gave Turkey the right to fortify and control the Straits for twenty years. See text of this treaty in League of Nations Treaty Series, Vol. 173, p. 213.

56 L. Gatovskii, “O Roli Politicheskikh Faktorov v Voiny” (Concerning the Holes of Political Factors in War), Moscow, Ogiz, 1944. For an earlier summary of Soviet views on collective security, see Charles Prince, “The U.S.S.R. and International Organizations,” in this Journal, Vol. 36 (1942), pp. 425-445.