Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2brh9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-02T19:17:10.076Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The U.S.S.R. and International Organizations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 April 2017

Charles Prince
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

It is of interest to the student of international affairs to examine the relationships of Soviet Russia with international organizations, both public and private, and of the policies governing those relationships. The study aims to find out why the Soviet Government has joined some international unions, affiliated with certain groups, and has refused to cooperate with others. What has been the Soviet Government’s policy in entering into multipartite conventions; why has it become a successor to some international agreements that were ratified by the Imperial Russian Government and rejected or abrogated others; and to what extent is the Soviet Union guided by generally accepted principles of international law in its foreign policies as evidenced by its participation in international organizations?

Type
Research Article
Information
American Journal of International Law , Volume 36 , Issue 3 , July 1942 , pp. 425 - 445
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of International Law 1942

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Potter, Pitman B., The League of Nations and Other International Organizations, Geneva Special Studies, Vol. V, No. 6, 1934, p. 5.Google Scholar

2 See article by Hazard, John N., “Cleansing Soviet International Law of Anti-Marxist Theories” in this Journal, Vol. 32, 1938, pp. 244–252.Google Scholar

3 Taracouzio, T. A., The Soviet Union and International Law, New York, 1935, p. 16.Google Scholar

4 The retraction was published in the form of a letter by Korovine, Eugene A. in Sovetskoe Gosndarstvo [Soviet Government], 1935, No. 4.Google Scholar

5 Harvard Law Review, Vol. 49, 1936, pp. 1392–1395.Google Scholar

6 Extraordinary Session of the League Assembly, Vol. III, p. 51.Google Scholar

7 Adolph Hitler, Mein Kampf, Munich, Franz Eher, 1930. See also Alfred Rosenberg, Der Mythus des 20. Jahrunderts, p. 601 (and quoted in Foreign Policy Reports, Aug. 2, 1933).Google Scholar

8 Kliuchnikov, Iu. V. i Andrei Sabanin, Mezhdunarodnaia Politika Noveishogo Vremeni v Dogovorakh, Notakh i Deklaratsiiakh [Recent International Politics in Treaties, Notes, and Declarations], Chasti I-III, Moskva, 1925–1929.Google Scholar

9 Temperley, Harold W. V., A History of the Peace Conference of Paris, London, Vol. VI, 1924, p. 580 (Published under the auspices of the British Institute of International Affairs).Google Scholar

10 Davis, K. W., The Soviet Union and the League of Nations, 1919–1933, Geneva Special Studies, Vol. V, No. 1, 1934, p. 4.Google Scholar

11 Extract from report submitted by Molotov, Viacheslav M., Chairman of the Council of People’s Commissars, on Jan. 28, 1935, to the Seventh All-Union Congress in Moscow. Quoted in Documents on International Affairs, 1934, p. 405.Google Scholar

12 Izvestia, Jan. 24, 1934, (Izvestia is the official daily organ of the Central Executive Committee of the U.S.S.R. and the All-Russian Executive Committee).Google Scholar

13 Affairs, Foreign, Vol. XII, No. 2, January 1934, p. 206.Google Scholar

14 The Soviet Union and Peace, International Publishers, New York, 1929, p. 22 (A collection of statements and articles by Soviet leaders and official documents relative to war and peace). See also La Politique Internationale du temps nouvoeau, de J. Kluitchnikov et A. Sabanine, Vol. II.Google Scholar

15 Korovine, Eugene A., “The U.S.S.R. and Disarmament” in International Conciliation, New York, September 1933, No. 292 Google Scholar

16 Sixteenth Congress of the Communist Party of the U.S.S.R., Verbatim Report, June 26–JuIy 13, 1930, Moscow, Leningrad, 1930, p. 23.

17 Lenin, Nikolai, Sobranie Sochinenii [Collected Works], Vol. XIX, 1927, p. 149.Google Scholar

18 Rakovsky, Kh. G., Liga Natzii i U.S.S.B, [The League of Nations and the U.S.S.R], Moskva, 1926, p. 18.Google Scholar

19 The full text of this revised proposal is published in Documents of the Preparatory Commission for the Disarmament Conference, League of Nations Series, Geneva, 1928, p. 10.

20 U.S.S.R. Handbook, London, 1936, p. 104. See also Simonds, Frank H. and Brooks Emeny, The Great Powers in World Politics, New York, 1937, p. 322.Google Scholar

21 Schmeckebier, Laurence F., International Organizations in Which the United States Participates, Washington, 1935, p. 164.Google Scholar

22 League of Nations Treaties Series, CXII, 1931, p. 391.Google Scholar

23 Korovine, Eugene A., Sovremenoe Mezhdunarodnoe Publichnoe Pravo [Contemporary International Public Law], Moskva, 1926, p. 137.Google Scholar

24 Verbatim Record of the Fifteenth Annual League Assembly, Sept. 17, 1934. Also quoted in Wheeler-Bennett, Documents on International Affairs, 1934, p. 100.Google Scholar

25 Stalin, Joseph was then known as Djugoshvili; his title was “Commissar of Nationalities.” Google Scholar

26 For official Russian text see Mezhdunarodnaia Politika Noveishovo Vremeni v Dogo-vorakh, Notakh, i Deklaratsiiakh [International Politics in Modern Times], Vol. II, p. 94 Google Scholar. Publication of the People’s Commissariat of Foreign Affairs, Moscow, 1926 Google Scholar. See also Fischer, Louis, The Soviets in World Affairs, Vol. II, London, 1930, p. 29.Google Scholar

27 For an interpretation of the Soviet’s views on international law (up to 1936) see Pashukanis, Eugene B., Ocherki po Mezhdunaraknomu Pravu [Outlines of International Law], Moskva, 1935.Google Scholar

28 Korovine, Eugene A., “Soviet Treaties and International Law,” in this Journal, Vol. 22 (1928), p. 763.Google Scholar

29 Materialii Genuezskoi Konferentsii [Materials of the Genoa Conference], April 10 to May 19, 1922, Narkomindel, 1922.Google Scholar

30 For a comprehensive list of international bureaus, etc., see Handbook of International Organizations, League of Nation Series, Geneva, 1938.

31 For an authoritative statement of the system of international law, see Quincy Wright, Mandates Under the League of Nations, Ch. 9, Chicago, 1930.

32 The reader’s attention is called to the fact that until the year 1937, Professor Eugene B. Pashukanis was the recognized exponent of the Communist interpretation of international law. However, he has since been “liquidated” and his textbook, Ocherhi Po Mezhduna-rodnomu Pravu [Outlines for International Law], Moskva, 1935, has been banned.

33 Troyanovsky, Alexander A., in the Proceedings of the American Society of International Law, 1934, p. 196 Google Scholar. See also “Russian Soviet Union and the Law of Nations,” editorial by Brown, Philip M. in this Journal, Vol. 28 (1934), p. 733 Google Scholar; and Schuman, Krederick L., American Policy Toward Russia Since 1917, New York, 1928.Google Scholar

34 Conference at The Hague, June 26-July 20, 1922. Minutes and Documents, p. 126.Google Scholar

35 Taracouzio, op. cit., p. 276.Google Scholar

36 Pravda is the official daily organ of the Central Committee and the Moscow Committee of the Communist Party.

37 See footnote 12, supra.

38 Excerpt from an address delivered on Jan. 28, 1935, and published in The New York Times, Jan. 29, 1935, p. 7.Google Scholar

39 From the Political Report submitted to the Sixteenth Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, July, 1930.

40 For a brief account of the trial, see Florinsky, Michael T., World Revolution and the U.S.S.R., New York, 1933, pp. 248–251.Google Scholar

41 The New York Times, April 23, 1933.

42 Art. 24: “There shall be placed under the direction of the League all international bureaus already established by general treaties if the parties to such treaties consent. All such international bureaus and all commissions for the regulation of matters of international interest hereafter constituted shall be placed under the direction of the League.”

43 League of Nations Treaties Series, Vol. XL, pp. 19, 249, 437.Google Scholar

44 League of Nations Treaties Series, Vol. XLII, p. 87.Google Scholar

45 Davis, , op. cit., p. 9.Google Scholar

46 Art. 7: “In order to facilitate the fulfillment of its duties under this Convention, and having regard to the benefits derived from the information furnished by the epidemiological intelligence service of the League of Nations, including its Eastern Bureau at Singapore and other analogous bureaus, as well as by the Pan American Sanitary Bureau, the Office International d’Hygiene Publique is empowered to make necessary arrangements with the Health Committee of the League of Nations as well as with the Pan American Sanitary Bureau and their similar organizations. It remains understood that the relations established under the above-mentioned arrangements will not involve any derogation from the provisions of the Convention of Rome of Dec. 9, 1907, and will not have the result of substituting any other body for the Office International d’Hygiene Publique.” League of Nations Treaties Series, LXXVIII, 1928, pp. 250–251.

47 Ibid., p. 339. See also British and Foreign State Papers, Vol. 123, Part I, p. 662.

48 League of Nations Treaties Series, XCIV, p. 71.Google Scholar

49 Fifth Session of the Child Welfare Committee of the League of Nations, Social Studies, Vol. IV, March 1, 1929.Google Scholar

50 Ustav Konabelnov Sluzhby R.K.K.F. [Statute on the Service of Vessels of the Workers’ and Peasants’ Red Fleet], May 25, 1925. See also Taracouzio, , op. cit., p. 279.Google Scholar

51 Sbornik Dekretov [Collection of Orders], 1917–1918, Moskva, 1919, p. 101. See Taracouzio, , op. cit., p. 328.Google Scholar

52 Twelfth Annual League Assembly, 1929, Vol. II, p. 13.Google Scholar

53 Fourteenth Annual League Assembly, 1931, Vol. III, p. 13.Google Scholar

54 Documents Diplomatiques: Conference Economique Internationale de Genes, Paris, 1922, pp. 105–129 Google Scholar; Preuss, Lawrence, “International Responsibility for Hostile Propaganda Against Foreign States,” in this Journal, Vol. 28 (1934), p. 659 Google Scholar. Van Dyke, Vernon, “State Responsibility for International Propaganda,” ibid., Vol. 34 (1940), p. 58 ffGoogle Scholar. See the scholarly treatise by Lauterpacht, H., “Revolutionary Propaganda by Government,” Transactions of the Grotius Society, Vol. 13, and “Problems of Peace and War,” paper read before the Society in the year 1927 (London, 1928).Google Scholar

55 Bukharin, Nikolai I., The Communist Program, p. 73; quoted also in Foreign Policy Information Service, Foreign Policy Association, IV, 1929, No. 25.Google Scholar

56 Lauterpacht, H., “Revolutionary Activities of Private Persons Against Foreign States,” this Journal, Vol. 22 (1928), p. 126.Google Scholar

57 The New York Times, July 26, 1934, p. 1.Google Scholar

58 This Journal, Supp., Vol. 28 (1934), p. 3.

59 The New York Times, Jan. 3, 1942.Google Scholar