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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 27 February 2017
1 Apr. 15, 1994, Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, Annex 1 A, in World Trade Organization, the Results of the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations: The Legal Texts 168 (1999)Google Scholar [hereinafter The Legal Texts].
2 Apr. 15, 1994, Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, Annex 1 A, in The Legal Texts, supra note 1, at 264.
3 Appellate Body Report, United States—Continued Dumping and Subsidy Offset Act of 2000, WT/DS217 & 234/AB/R (Jan. 16, 2003) [hereinafter Appellate Body Report].
4 Antidumping Agreement, supra note 1, Art. 2.1.
5 See Appellate Body Report, supra note 3, para. 265 (discussing Antidumping Agreement), para. 273 (discussing SCM Agreement).
6 See Antidumping Agreement, supra note 1, Art. 5.1; SCM Agreement, supra note 2, Art. 11.1.
7 See Antidumping Agreement, supra note 1, Art. 5.4; SCM Agreement, supra note 2, Art. 11.4.
8 See Hale, E. Sheppard, The Continued Dumping and Subsidy Offset Act (Byrd Amendment): A Defeat Before the WTO May Constitute an Overall Victory for U.S. Trade, 10 Tul. J. Int’l & Comp. L. 121, 138–39 (2002).Google Scholar
9 Pruzin, Daniel & Yerkey, Gary, Dumping, Countervailing Duties: Appellate Panel Upholds WTO Decision Against Byrd Amendment; EUSeeks Repeal, BNA Int’l Trade Rep. (Jan. 23, 2003) (quoting Grassley)Google Scholar; see Sheppard, supra note 8, at 139-40.
10 Statement by the President: H.R. 4461, The Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration, and Related Agencies Appropriations ActforFY2001 (Oct. 28, 2000), at <http://www.useu.be/ISSUES/clinl028.html>; see Sheppard, supra note 8, at 140 (discussing President Clinton’s signing statement).
11 19 U.S.C.A. §1675c(a) (2003).
12 Id. §1675c(b) (1). The affected domestic producer must also be one that “remains in operation.” Id.
13 Id. §1675c(b)(4).
14 19 C.F.R. §159.61 (c) (2003). Expenses incurred by associations must relate to a specific case. Id. 1519U.S.C. §1675c(d)(2).
16 Id. §1675c(d)(3).
17 Id.
18 Appellate Body Report, supra note 3, para. 14.
19 Id., paras. 224-32 (discussing panel report).
20 Id., paras. 275-80 (discussing panel report).
21 See id., paras. 234-35.
22 Id., para. 242.
23 Id., para. 254.
24 Id., para. 255.
25 Id., para. 259.
26 Id., para. 258.
27 Id.
28 Id., paras. 263–74.
29 Id., para. 283.
30 Id., para. 291.
31 Id., para. 292.
32 Id., para. 245.
33 See John, O. McGinnis & Mark, L. Movsesian, The World Trade Constitution, 114 Harv. L. Rev. 511, 523–25 (2000)Google Scholar (discussing interest group theory of trade restrictions).
34 Cf. John, O. McGinnis, The Bar Against Challenges to Employment Discrimination Consent Decrees: A Public Choice Perspective, 54 La. L. Rev. 1507, 1530–31 (1994)Google Scholar (discussing strategy of increasing information costs of opponents of legislation).
35 Arbitral Award, United States—Continued Dumping and Subsidy Offset Act of 2000, WT/DS217/14 & WT/DS234/22, para. 83 (June 13, 2003).
36 See Pruzin, Daniel, Dumping: WTO Gives U. S. Dec. 2 7 Deadline to Comply with Ruling Striking Down Byrd Amendment, Int’l Trade Rep. (BNA) (June 19, 2003).Google Scholar
37 Appellate Body Report, United States—Definitive Safeguard Measures on Imports of Certain Steel Products, WT/DS248, 249, 251-254, 258, & 259/AB/R (Nov. 10, 2003).
38 See Weisman, Jonathan, Bush Rescinds Tariffs on Steel; Trade War Averted; Industry Angry, Wash. Post, at A01 (Dec. 5, 2003).Google Scholar
39 Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes, Apr. 15, 1994, Art. 22.4, Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, Annex 2, in The Legal Texts, supra note 1, at 354.