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The Government of the State of Eritrea and the Government of the Republic of Yemen

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 February 2017

W. Michael Reisman
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Abstract

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Type
International Decisions
Information
American Journal of International Law , Volume 93 , Issue 3 , July 1999 , pp. 668 - 682
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of International Law 1999

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References

1 Award of the Arbitral Tribunal in the First Stage of the Proceedings (Territorial Sovereignty and Scope of the Dispute), Eritrea/Yemen (Oct. 9, 1998), located at (visited Sept. 14, 1999) <> [hereinafter Award].

2 Id., para. 7.

2 Id.

4 Id., para. 239.

5 Id., para. 93.

6 Id., para. 92.

7 Id., para. 31.

8 Id., para. 7.

9 Id., para. 88.

10 See id., para. 90.

11 See id., para. 97.

12 Id., para. 99.

13 Id., para. 99. See also id., paras. 126, 142.

14 Id., para. 110.

15 Id., para. 109.

16 Id., para. 112.

17 See id., para. 113.

18 See id., para. 125.

19 Id., para. 126.

20 Id., para. 142.

21 Treaty of Peace, signed at Lausanne, Jul. 24, 1923, The British Empire, France, Italy, Japan, Greece, Romania, Serb-Croat-Slovene State and Turkey, 28 L.N.T.S. 12–13, 22–23. Art. 16, quoted in award, supra note 1, para. 157.

22 Id., para. 162.

23 Id., para. 153.

24 See id., para. 152.

25 Id., para. 165.

26 See id., paras. 169–74.

27 See id., para. 181.

28 See id., para. 178.

29 See id., para. 186.

30 See id., para. 195.

31 See id., para. 196.

32 Id., para. 197.

33 See id., paras. 200–38.

34 Id., para. 221.

35 See id., para. 227.

36 Id., para. 229.

37 Id., para. 231.

38 Id., para. 237.

39 Id., paras. 239–361.

40 See id., paras. 253–57.

41 Id., para. 263.

42 See id., para. 269.

43 Id., para. 280.

44 See id., paras. 281–82.

45 Id., para. 283.

46 See id., para. 328.

47 See id., para. 329.

48 See id., para. 286.

49 Id., para. 305.

50 See id., paras. 307, 309.

51 See id., para. 315.

52 See id.

53 See id., para. 330.

54 See id., para. 331.

55 See id., para. 332.

56 See id., para. 334.

57 See id., para. 359.

58 See id., para. 367.

59 See id., para. 368.

60 Id., para. 388.

61 Id., para. 388.

62 See id., paras. 9–11.

63 Id., para. 438.

64 See id., para. 449.

65 See id., para. 450.

65 Island of Palmas case (Neth./U.S.), 2 R.I.A.A. 829, 840 (1928). [hereinafter Island of Palmas].

67 Legal Status of Eastern Greenland (Den. v. Nor.), 1933 PCIJ (ser. A/B) No. 53 (Apr. 5). [hereinafter Eastern Greenland].

68 See award, supra note 1, para. 455.

69 Id., para. 457.

70 Id., para. 466.

71 See id., paras. 460–65.

72 Id., para. 472.

73 Id., para. 475.

74 Id., para. 474.

75 Id, para. 480.

76 Id., para. 474.

77 Id., para. 480.

78 Id., para. 483.

79 Id.

80 For further discussion of this point, see infra p. 680.

81 See award, supra note 1, para. 486.

82 Id., para. 491.

83 Id., para. 492.

84 Id., para. 496.

85 Id., para. 497.

86 Id., para. 503.

87 Id., para. 504.

88 Id., para. 505.

89 Id., para. 508.

90 Id., para. 516.

91 See id., para. 524.

92 See id., para. 526.

93 Arb. award of 31 July 1989 (Guinea-Bissau v. Sen.), 1991 ICJ Rep. 53 (Nov. 12) [hereinafter Guinea-Bissau v. Senegal].

94 See W. Michael Reisman, The Supervisory Jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice: International Arbitration and International Adjudication, 258 Recueil des Cours 9, 390 (1996 II).

95 Award, supra note 1, para. 108.

96 Id., para. 113.

97 Id., para. 112.

98 See id., paras. 88–90.

99 Guinea Bissau v. Senegal, supra note 93.

100 Affaire de la delimitation de la frontière entre la Guinée-Bissau et le Senegal, 20 R.I.A.A. 121, 128, para. 17 (July 31, 1989).

101 Award, supra note 1, para. 10.

102 See id., para. 11

103 Id., para. 110.

104 Argentine-Chile Frontier Case, 16 R.I.A.A. 109, 111, 166 (1966) (McNair, Kirwan & Papworth arbs.).

105 See award, supra note 1, para. 95.

106 Supra note 104.

107 16 R.I.A.A. 109, 167 (1966).

108 Id.

109 Supra note 66.

110 Minquiers and Ecrehos (Fr. v. U.K.), 1953 ICJ Rep., Pleadings and Oral Arguments, Vol. II, p. 48 General Suthor et seq prohibited, see B. B. p. 37. See also Gerald Fitzmaurice, The Law and Procedure of the International Court of Justice, 1951–54: Points of Substantive Law, Part II, 32 B.Y.B.I.L. 20 (1957); D. M. N. Johnson, Acquisitive Prescription in International Law, 27 B.Y.B.I.L. 332 (1950).

111 Island of Palmas, supra note 66, at 839–40.

112 It is interesting to note that neither party claimed that this unconcealed departure from the terms of the submission constituted an excess of jurisdiction.

113 Sir Henry Maine, Dissertations on Early Law and Custom 389 (1891).

114 Id., para. 474.

115 Id., para. 480.

116 Id., para. 474.

117 Island of Palmas, supra note 66.

118 Sovereignty over Clipperton Island (France v. Mexico) Award, Jan. 28, 1931, 26 AJIL 390 (1932).

119 Legal Status of Eastern Greenland (Denmark v. Norway) PCIJ (ser. A/B) No. 53, at 22 (Apr. 5).

120 Id., para. 527(ii) (emphasis added).

121 Id., para. 527(iv).

122 Id., para. 527(v).

123 Petroleum Dev., Ltd. v. Sheikh of Abu Dhahi, 18 ILR 144, 156 (Int. Arb. 1951).

124 Note that Article 121(3) varies significantly in the official languages. The French version establishes the most stringent test, whereas the English version sets the lowest threshold. United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Dec. 10, 1982, 1833 UNTS 3.

125 Sovereignty Over Clipperton Island (Mex. v. Fr.), 2 R.I.A.A. 1105 (1931).

126 Eastern Greenland, supra note 67.

127 W. Michael Reisman, Folded Lies: Bribery, Crusades, and Reforms 15–36 (1979).

128 See Steven R. Rattier, Drawing a Better Line: Uti Possidetis and the Borders of New States, 90 AJIL 590 (1996).

129 Award, supra note 1, para. 99.

130 Id, para. 116.

131 Advisory Opinion, 1975 ICJ 4 (Oct. 16). For a discussion of the case and this concept, see W. Michael Reisman, Protecting Indigenous Rights in International Adjudication, 89 AJIL 350 (1995).

132 See W. Michael Reisman, The Struggle for The Falklands, 93 Yale L.J. 287 (1983).

133 Award, supra note 1, para. 125.

134 Id., para. 123.

135 Id., para. 126.

136 See id., para. 526.

137 Id., para. 123.

138 Id., para. 355.

139 Id., para. 347–57.

* The author acknowledges the very useful comments of John H. Spencer.