Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T02:22:51.020Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Tillage and farming system affect AM fungus populations, mycorrhizal formation, and nutrient uptake by winter wheat in a high-P soil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 October 2009

Larisa Galvez ,
David D. Douds Jr  and
Peggy Wagoner
Larisa Galvez
Affiliation:
Research Associate, Microbiologist, USDA-ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038;
David D. Douds Jr*
Affiliation:
Microbiologist, USDA-ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, 600 E. Mermaid Lane, Wyndmoor, PA 19038;
Peggy Wagoner
Affiliation:
Agronomist, Rodale Institute Experimental Farm, 611 Siegfriedale Road, Kutztown, PA 19530.
*
Corresponding author is D. Douds ([email protected]).
Get access

Abstract

We conducted a field study at the Rodale Institute Experimental Farm, Kutztown, Pennsylvania, in a high-P soil to examine the interaction of farming system and tillage on the potential functioning of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Plots under conventional and low-input systems were either chisel-disked or no-tilled. Winter wheat was planted following the harvest of soybean, and shoots and roots were collected at tillering, jointing, heading, and ripening. Spores of AM fungi were isolated from soil collected at the beginning and end of the growing season. Spore populations and colonization of winter wheat roots by AM fungi were higher under low-input than conventional agriculture. Mycorrhizal fungus colonization occurred at low levels in the tillering stage and increased with plant development. Colonization during the jointing stage was higher in the low-input, no-tilled than in low-input, chisel-disked plots. Spore populations of the Glomus occultum-type group were more numerous in no-tilled than in tilled soil. The nutrient-use efficiency (g of plant biomass per g of plant N or P) of winter wheat depended on plant developmental stage, with a tendency for higher efficiency of the low-input plants at early growth stages, and of conventionally managed plants at more mature stages. Overall, plants grown in chisel-disked plots had higher N and P utilization efficiencies than plants grown in no-tilled plots. Final yield of grain was significantly greater in conventional than low-input plots, especially for no-till, despite the larger population of AM fungi.

Keywords

arbuscular mycorrhizal fungilow-input sustainable agriculturenutrientuse efficiencyTriticum aestivum
Type
Articles
Information
American Journal of Alternative Agriculture , Volume 16 , Issue 4 , December 2001 , pp. 152 - 160
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2001

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Anderson, V.L., and McLean, R.A.. 1974. Design of Experiments: A Realistic Approach. Marcel Dekker, New York. p. 16–27.Google Scholar
2.Augé, R.M. 2000. Stomatal behavior of arbuscular mycorrhizal plants. In Kapulnik, Y. and Douds, D.D. Jr., (eds.) Arbuscular Mycorrhizas: Physiology and function. Kluwer Academic Press, Boston, MA. p. 201–237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Bécard, G., Douds, D.D., and Pfeffer, P.E.. 1992. Extensive in vitro hyphal growth of vesicular—arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the presence of CO2 and flavonols. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58:821–825.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.Buwalda, J.G., Stribley, D.P., and Tinker, P.B.. 1985. Effects of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in first, second and third cereal crops. J. Agric. Sci. 105:631–647.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Douds, D.D., Galvez, L., Franke-Snyder, M., Reider, C., and Drinkwater, L.E.. 1997. Effect of compost addition and crop rotation upon VAM fungi. Agric. Ecosys. Environ. 65:257–266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Douds, D.D., Galvez, L., Janke, R., and Wagoner, P.. 1995. Effect of tillage and farming system upon populations and distribution of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Agric. Ecosys. Environ. 52:111–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Douds, D.D., Janke, R.R., and Peters, S.E.. 1993. VAM fungus spore populations and colonization of roots of maize and soybean under conventional and low-input sustainable agriculture. Agric. Ecosys. Environ. 43:325–335.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Evans, D.G., and Miller, M.H.. 1990. The role of the external mycelial network in the effect of soil disturbance upon vesiculararbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of maize. New Phytol. 114:65–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9.Feldmann, F., and Boyle, C.. 1999. Weedmediated stability of arbuscular mycorrhizal effectiveness in maize monocultures. J. Appl. Botany 73:1–5.Google Scholar
10.Franke-Snyder, M., Douds, D.D. Jr., Galvez, L., Phillips, J.G., Wagoner, P., Drinkwater, L., and Morton, J.B.. 2001. Diversity of communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi present in conventional versus low-input agricultural sites in eastern Pennsylvania, USA. Appl. Soil Ecol. 16:35–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Frederick, J.R., and Bauer, P. J.. 1996. Winter wheat responses to surface and deep tillage on the southeastern Coastal Plain. Agron. J. 88:829–833.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Gabelman, W.H. 1976. Genetic potentials in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium efficiency. In Wright, M.J. and Ferrari, S.A. (eds.). Plant Adaptation to Mineral Stress in Problem Soils. Proc. Workshop, Beltsville, Maryland, November 22–23, 1976. Spec. Pub. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca, NY. p. 205–212.Google Scholar
13.Galvez, L., Douds, D.D. Jr., Wagoner, P., Longnecker, L.R., Drinkwater, L.E., and Janke, R.R.. 1995. An overwintering cover crop increases inoculum of VAM fungi in agricultural soil. Amer. J. Alternative Agric. 10:152–156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Gerdemann, J.W., and Nicolson, T.H.. 1963. Spores of mycorrhizal Endogone species extracted from soil by wet sieving and decanting. Trans. British Mycol. Soc. 46:235–244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Gerloff, G.C. 1976. Plant efficiencies in the use of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. In Wright, M.J. and Ferrari, S.A. (eds.). Plant Adaptation to Mineral Stress in Problem Soils. Proc. Workshop, Beltsville, Maryland, November 22–23, 1976. Spec. Pub. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station, Ithaca, NY. p. 161–173.Google Scholar
16.Graham, J.H. 2000. Assessing costs of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in agroecosystems. In Podila, G.K. and Douds, D.D. Jr., (eds.). Current Advances in Mycorrhizae Research. American Phytopathological Society Press, St. Paul, MN. p. 127–140.Google Scholar
17.Hammel, J.E. 1995. Long-term tillage and crop rotation effects on winter wheat production in northern Idaho. Agron. J. 87:16–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Hatley, O.E. 1993. Small grains. In Serotkin, N. (ed.). The Penn State Agronomy Guide. Pennsylvania State University, University Park. p. 111–119.Google Scholar
19.Hayman, D.S. 1970. Endogone spore numbers in soil and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza in wheat as influenced by season and soil treatment. Trans. British Mycol. Soc. 54:53–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Hayman, D.S. 1975. The occurrence of mycorrhiza in crops as affected by soil fertility. In Sanders, F.E., Mosse, B., and Tinker, P.B. (eds.). Endomycorrhizas. Academic Press, London, p. 495–509.Google Scholar
21.Hetrick, B.A.D., and Bloom, J.. 1984. The influence of temperature on colonization of winter wheat by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Mycologia 76:953–956.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Hetrick, B.A.D., Bockus, W.W., and Bloom, J.. 1984. The role of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the growth of Kansas winter wheat. Can. J. Bot. 62:735–740.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23.Jenkins, W.R. 1964. A rapid centrifugalflotation technique for separating nematodes from soil. Plant Dis. Rep. 73:288–300.Google Scholar
24.Khan, A.G. 1975. The effect of vesiculararbuscular mycorrhizal associations on growth of cereals. 2. Effect on wheat growth. Ann. Appl. Biol. 80:27–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25.Kruckelmann, H.W. 1975. Effects of fertilizers, soils, soil tillage, and plant species on the frequency of Endogone chlamydospores and mycorrhizal infection in arable soils. In Sanders, F.E., Mosse, B., and Tinker, P.B. (eds.). Endomycorrhizas. Academic Press, London, p. 511–525.Google Scholar
26.Linderman, R.G. 2000. Effects of mycorrhizas on plant tolerance to diseases. In Kapulnik, Y. and Douds, D.D. Jr., (eds.). Arbuscular Mycorrhizas: Physiology and function. Kluwer Academic Press, Boston, MA. p. 345–365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27.Mäder, P., Edenhofer, S., Boiler, T., Wiemken, A., and Niggli, U.. 2000. Arbuscular mycorrhizae in a long-term field trial comparing low-input (organic, biological) and high-input (conventional) farming systems in a crop rotation. Biol. Fertil. Soils 31:150–156.Google Scholar
28.McGonigle, T.P., Evans, D.G., and Miller, M.H.. 1990. Effect of degree of soil disturbance on mycorrhizal colonization and phosphorus absorption by maize in growth chamber and field experiments. New Phytol. 116:629–636.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
29.McGonigle, T.P., and Miller, M.H.. 1993. Mycorrhizal development and phosphorus absorption in maize under conventional and reduced tillage. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 57:1002–1006.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30.Miller, M.H. 2000. Arbuscular mycorrhizae and the phosphorus nutrition of maize: A review of Guelph studies. Can. J. Plant Sci. 80:47–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31.Mohammad, M.J., Pan, W.L., and Kennedy, A.C.. 1998. Seasonal mycorrhizal colonization of winter wheat and its effect on wheat growth under dryland field conditions. Mycorrhiza 8:139–144.Google Scholar
32.Mosse, B. 1986. Mycorrhiza in a sustainable agriculture. Biol. Agric. Hort. 3:191–209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33.Murphy, J., and Riley, J.P.. 1962. A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Anal. Chim. Acta 27:31–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34.Nagahashi, G., Douds, D. Jr., and Buee, M.. 2000. Light-induced hyphal branching of germinated AM fungal spores. Plant Soil 219:71–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35.National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data and Informative Service, and National Climatic Data Center. 1994. Climatological data annual summary, Pennsylvania 1994. Vol. 99, No. 13. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
36.Newman, E.I. 1966. A method of estimating the total length of root in a sample. J. Appl. Ecol. 3:139–145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
37.Phillips, J.M., and Hayman, D.S.. 1970. Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Trans. British Mycol. Soc. 55:158–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
38.Ryan, M.H., Chilvers, G.A., and Dumaresq, D.C.. 1994. Colonisation of wheat by VA-mycorrhizal fungi was found to be higher on a farm managed in an organic manner than on a conventional neighbour. Plant Soil 160:33–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
39.Sattelmacher, B., Reinhard, S., and Pomikalko, A.. 1991. Differences in mycorrhizal colonization of rye (Secale cereale L.) grown in conventional or organic (biological-dynamic) farming systems. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 167:350–355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
40.Sieverding, E. 1991. Manipulation of indigenous VAM fungi through agronomic practices. In E. Sieverding (ed.). Vesicular-arbuscular Mycorrhiza Management in Tropical Agrosystems. German Technical Cooperation Agency, Eschborn, Germany, p. 117–188.Google Scholar
41.Smith, S.E., and Read, D.J.. 1997. Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. Academic Press, London.Google Scholar
42.Stoppler, H., Kolsch, E., and Vogtmann, H.. 1990. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza in varieties of winter wheat in a low external input system. Biol. Agric. Hort. 7:191–199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
43.Teasdale, J.R., Rosecrance, R.C., Coffman, C.B., Starr, J.L., Paltineau, I.C., Lu, Y.C., and Watkins, B.K.. 2000. Performance of reduced-tillage cropping systems for sustainable grain production in Maryland. Amer. J. Alternative Agric. 15:79–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
44.Vivekanandan, M., and Fixen, P.E., 1991. Cropping systems effects on mycorrhizal colonization, early growth, and phosphorus uptake of corn. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. J. 55:136–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
45.Wall, L.L., and Gehrke, C.W.. 1975. An automated total protein nitrogen method. J. Assoc. Official Anal. Chem. 58:1221–1226.Google Scholar
46.Wani, S.P., and Lee, K.K.. 1995. Exploiting vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae through crop and soil management practices. Mycorrhiza News 6(4):1–7.Google Scholar
47.Wright, S.F., and Upadhyaya, A.. 1998. A survey of soils for aggregate stability and glomalin, a glycoprotein produced by hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Plant Soil 198:97–107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar