Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T19:57:26.626Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Crop traits for water stress tolerance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 October 2009

Edwin Donaldson
Edwin Donaldson
Affiliation:
Wheat Breeder in the Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Lind, WA 99341.
Get access

Abstract

Cultivars vary considerably in how they respond to moisture stress throughout crop development. In areas of the Pacific Northwest with less than 250 mm of annual rainfall, win ter wheat is under moisture stress most of the time from planting to harvest. Cultivars must be ab le to absorb moisture, germinate, and emerge under high temperature, poor seed zone moisture, and deep seed cover. Moisture stress slows emergence and seedling development and reduces most yield components, including number of tillers, seeds per spike, seeds per unit area, seed size, and seed weight per unit volume. Additionally, leaf senescence and maturity are earfy under moisture stress conditions. A cultivar cannot obtain its potential yield with less than adequate moisture; therefore, under moisture stress fewer tillers and seeds are produced. Which plant structures are reduced is determined by the growth stage of the plant during stress, while the extent of this reduction is determined by the severity of moisture stress and the genotype of the cultivar.

Keywords

wheatmoisture stresscropping systemsemergence
Type
Selected Papers from the U.S.-Middle East Conference on Sustainable Dryland Agriculture
Information
American Journal of Alternative Agriculture , Volume 11 , Issue 2-3 , September 1996 , pp. 89 - 94
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Acevedo, E. 1987. Assessing crop and plant attributes for cereal improvement in water-limited Mediterranean environments. In Srivastava, J.P., Porceddu, E., Acevedo, E., and Varma, S. (eds). Drought Tolerance in Winter Cereals. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester, England, pp. 303–320.Google Scholar
2.Asghar, A., and Ingram, B. F.. 1993. Effects of defoliation on dryland wheat production in central Queensland. Australian J. Experimental Agric. 33:349–351.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Austin, R.B. 1987. Some crop characteristics of wheat and their influence on yield and water use. In Srivastava, J.E., Porceddu, E., Acevedo, E., and Varma, S. (eds). Drought Tolerance in Winter Cereals. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester, England, pp. 321–336.Google Scholar
4.Basnayake, J., Ludlow, M. M., Cooper, M., and Henzel, R. G.. 1993. Genotypie variation of osmotic adjustment and desiccation tolerance in contrasting sorghum inbred lines. Field Crops Research 35:51–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Bidinger, F.R., Mahalaekshmi, V., and Rao, G.D.E.. 1987. Assessment of drought resistance in pearl millet [Pennisetum americanum (L.) Leeke]. I. Factors affecting yields under stress. Australian. J. Agric. Research 38:37–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Dwangan, M.K., Pandey, N., and Tripathi, R. S.. 1992. Yield and water use efficiency of summer greengram (Phaseolus radiatus) as influenced by row spacing, irrigation schedule and phosphorus level. Indian J. Agronomy 37:587–588.Google Scholar
7.Forcella, F. 1993. Seedling emergence model for velvetleaf. Agronomy J. 85:929–933.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Gan, Y., Stobbe, E. H., and Moes, J.. 1992. Relative date of wheat seedling emergence and its impact on grain yield. Crop Sci. 32:1275–1281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Hadas, A. 1976. Water uptake and germination of leguminous seeds under changing external water potential in osmotic solutions. J. Experimental Botany 98:480–489.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Haley, S.D., Quick, J. S., and Morgan, J. A.. 1993. Excised-leaf water status evaluation and associations in field-grown winter wheat. Canadian J. Plant Sci. 73:55–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Hattendorf, M.J., Evans, D. W., and Peaden, R. N.. 1990. Canopy temperature and stomatal conductance of water-stressed dormant and nondormant alfalfa types. Agronomy J. 82:873–877.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Heatherly, L.G. 1993. Drought stress and irrigation effects on germination of harvested soybean seed. Crop Sci. 33:777–781.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Hossain, A.B.S., Sears, R. G., Cox, T. S., and Paulsen, G. M.. 1990. Desiccation tolerance and its relationship to assimilate partitioning in winter wheat. Crop Sci. 30:622–627.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Hucl, E. 1993. Effects of temperature and moisture stress on the germination of diverse common bean genotypes. Canadian J. Plant Sci. 73:697–702.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Itabari, J.K., Gregory, E. J., and Jones, R. K.. 1993. Effects of temperature, soil water status and depth of planting on germination and emergence of maize (Zea mays) adapted to semi-arid eastern Kenya. Experimental Agric. 29:351–364.Google Scholar
16.Kasperbauer, M.J., and Busscher, W. J.. 1991. Genotypie differences in cotton root penetration of a compacted subsoil layer. Crop Sci. 31:1376–1378.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Kobata, T., Palta, J. A., and Turner, N. C.. 1992. Rate of development of post-anthesis water deficit and grain filling of spring wheat. Crop Sci. 32:1238–1242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18.Lafond, G.E., and Baker, R. J.. 1986. Effects of temperature, moisture stress, and seed size on germination of nine spring wheat cultivars. Crop Sci. 26:563–567.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19.Ludlow, M.M., and Muchow, R. C.. 1990. A critical evaluation of traits for improving crop yields in water-limited environments. Advances in Agronomy 43:107–153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Ludlow, M.M., Suntamaria, J. M., and Fukai, S.. 1990a. Contribution of osmotic adjustment to grain yield in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench under water-limited conditions. I. Water stress before anthesis. Australian J. Agric. Research 41:51–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21.Ludlow, M.M., Suntamaria, J. M., and Fukai, S.. 1990b. Contribution of osmotic adjustment to grain yield in Sorghum bi-color (L.) Moench under water-limited conditions. II. Water stress after anthesis. Australian J. Agric. Research 41:67–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Mahalakshmi, V., Bidinger, F. R., and Rao, G.D. P.. 1990. Line-source vs irrigated/nonirrigated treatments for evaluation of genotype drought response. Agronomy J. 82:841–844.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23.Meisner, C.A., and Karnok, K. J.. 1992. Peanut root response to drought stress. Agronomy J. 84:159–165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Morgan, J.M. 1977. Differences in osmoregulation between wheat geno-types. Nature 270:234–235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25.Morgan, J.M. 1983. Osmoregulation as a selection criterion for drought tolerance in wheat. Australian J. Agric. Research. 34:607–614.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26.Morgan, J.M., Hare, R. A., and Fletcher, R. J.. 1986. Genetic variation in osmoregulation in bread and durum wheats and its relationship to grain yield in a range of field environments. Australian J. Agric. Research 37:449–457.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27.NeSmith, D.S., and Ritchie, J. T.. 1992. Short- and long-term responses of corn to a pre-anthesis soil water deficit. Agronomy J. 84:107–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28.Onken, A.B., Wendt, C. W., and Halvorson, A. D.. 1988. Soil fertility and water use efficiency. In Unger, E.W., Sneed, T.V., Jordan, W.R., and Jensen, R. (eds). Challenges in Dryland Agriculture: A Global Perspective. Texas Agric. Exp. Sta., Amarillo, pp. 441–444.Google Scholar
29.Peterson, E.R., Sheafer, C. C., and Hall, M. H.. 1992. Drought effects on perennial forage legume yield and quality. Agronomy J. 84:774–779.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30.Regan, K.L., Whan, B. R., and Turner, N. C.. 1993. Evaluation of chemical desiccation as a selection technique for drought resistance in a dryland wheat breeding program. Australian J. Agric. Research 44:1683–1691.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31.Ryan, J.D., Johnson, R.C., Eikenbary, R.D., and Dorschner, K. W.. 1987. Drought/greenbug interactions: Photo-synthesis of greenbug resistant and susceptible wheat. Crop Sci. 27:283–288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32.Schussler, J.R., and Westgate, M. E.. 1991. Maize kernel set at low water potential. I. Sensitivity to reduced assimilates during early kernel growth. Crop Sci. 31:1189–1195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33.Silim, S.N., Saxena, M. C., and Erskine, W.. 1990. Seeding density and row spacing for lentil in rainfed Mediterranean environments. Agronomy J. 82:927–930.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34.Silim, S.N., Saxena, M. C., and Erskine, W.. 1993. Adaptation of lentil to the Mediterranean environment. I. Factors affecting yield under drought conditions. Experimental Agric. 29:9–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35.Sinclair, T.R., Bennett, J. M., and Machow, R. C.. 1990. Relative sensitivity of grain yield and biomass accumulation to drought in field-grown maize. Crop Sci. 30:690–693.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
36.Smith, R.C.G., Wallace, J. F., Hick, E. T., Gilmour, R. F., Belford, R. K., Portmann, E.A., Regan, K. L., and Turner, N. C.. 1993. Potential of using field spectroscopy during early growth for ranking biomass in cereal breeding trials. Australian J. Agric. Research. 44:1713–1730.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
37.Takeoka, Y., Mamun, A. Al, Wada, T., and Kaufman, E. B.. 1992. Reproductive Adaptation of Rice to Environmental Stress. Japan Scientific Soc. Press, Tokyo, pp. 134–140.Google Scholar
38.Talboys, E.W. 1968. Water deficits in vascular diseases. In Kozlowski, T.T. (ed). Water Deficits and Plant Growth. II. Plant Water Consumption and Response. Academic Press, New York, N.Y. pp. 255–311.Google Scholar
39.Turner, N.C., and Nicolas, M. E.. 1987. Drought resistance of wheat for light-textured soils in a Mediterranean climate. In Srivastava, J.E., Porceddu, E., Acevedo, E., and Varma, S. (eds). Drought Tolerance in Winter Cereals. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Chichester, England, pp. 203–216.Google Scholar
40.Van Oosterom, E.J., Kleijn, D., Geccarelli, S., and Nachit, M. M.. 1993. Genotype-by-environment interactions of barley in the Mediterranean region. Crop Sci. 33:669–674.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
41.Vieira, R.D., Tekrony, D. M., and Egli, D. B.. 1992. Effect of drought and defoliator stress in the field on soybean seed germination and vigor. Crop Sci. 32:471–475.Google Scholar
42.Wade, L.J., Douglas, A.C. L., and Bell, K. L.. 1993. Variation among sorghum hybrids in the plant density required to maximize grain yield over environments. Australian J. Experimental Agric. 33:185–191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
43.Winter, S.R., and Musick, J. T.. 1993. Wheat planting date effects on soil water extraction and gram yield. Agronomy J. 85:912–916.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
44.Xu, X., and Bland, W. L.. 1993. Resumption of water uptake by sorghum after water stress. Agronomy J. 85:697–702.CrossRefGoogle Scholar