Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T16:19:16.787Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

In-row residue management effects on seed-zone temperature, moisture and early growth of barley and canola in a cold semi-arid region in northwestern Canada

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 October 2009

M. (Charlie) A. Arshad  and
Rahman H. Azooz
M. (Charlie) A. Arshad*
Affiliation:
Research Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, PO Box 29, Beaverlodge, Alberta TOH OCO, Canada.
Rahman H. Azooz
Affiliation:
Research Branch, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, PO Box 29, Beaverlodge, Alberta TOH OCO, Canada.
*
M.A. Arshad ([email protected]).
Get access

Abstract

Spring crop growth is often influenced by water stress and lower soil temperature in the northern Canadian prairies. Tillage system effects on soil temperature, moisture and establishment of barley and canola in silt loam and sandy loam soils in northern British Columbia were investigated in 1992 and 1993. The tillage systems were: no-tillage (NT), modified no-tillage where surface residue was pushed aside from a 7.5cm zone above the planting rows (MNT), and conventional tillage (CT). The MNT and CT had higher weekly maximum and weekly mean seed zone temperatures than NT. Mean weekly maximum seed-zone soil temperature was 1.6°C lower in MNT and 3.7°C lower in NT than in CT during the first 10 weeks after planting (WAP) in 1992. Compared to NT and MNT, barley in CT was slow to establish during the first three WAP in the silt loam in 1992 and 1993, and in the sandy loam in 1992, due to early water stress from low rainfall. Barley emergence was delayed by 6 days in NT and 11 days in CT in 1992 and by 3 days in NT and 7 days in CT in 1993 compared to MNT in the silt loam soil. Early in the growing season, barley growth was retarded more in the CT than NT and MNT at both sites. Canola growth was significantly improved in the MNT over that in the NT and CT in 1993. The MNT was more beneficial for crop establishment during prolonged dry periods than CT, and for emergence and growth compared with NT under extremely wet soil conditions.

Keywords

barleycanolacrop establishmentno-tillreduced tillagesoil temperaturesoil moisture
Type
Research Article
Information
American Journal of Alternative Agriculture , Volume 18 , Issue 3 , September 2003 , pp. 129 - 136
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2003

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Al-Darby, A.M., and Lowery, B.. 1987. Seed zone soil temperature and early corn growth with three conservation tillage systems. Soil Science Society of America Journal 51:768–773.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arshad, M.A., and Azooz, R.H.. 1996. Thermal properties as affected by different tillage systems in a semiarid cold region. Soil Science Society of America Journal 60:561–567.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arshad, M.A., Franzlubbers, A.J., and Azooz, R.H.. 1999. Components of surface soil structure under conventional and no-tillage in northwestern Canada. Soil Tillage Research 53:41–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arshad, M.A., Soon, Y.K., and Azooz, R.H.. 2002. Modified no-till and crop sequence effects on spring wheat production in northern Alberta, Canada. Soil Tillage Research 65:29–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Azooz, R.H., and Arshad, M.A.. 1998. Effect of tillage and residue management on barley and canola growth and water use efficiency. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 78:649–656.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Azooz, R.H., Lowery, B., and Daniel, T.C.. 1995. Tillage and residue management influence on corn growth. Soil Tillage Research 33:115–127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bristow, K.L. 1988. The role of mulch and its architecture in modifying soil temperature. Australian Journal of Soil Research 26:269–280.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carter, A.C. 1965. Climate of the Upper Peace River Region. Publication 1224. Canada Department of Agriculture, Ottawa. p. 5–18.Google Scholar
Fortin, M.C. 1993. Soil temperature, soil water, and no-till corn development following in-row residue removal. Agronomy Journal 85:571–576.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frye, W.W. 1986. Zero tillage research priorities. Soil Tillage Research 8:311–318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kasper, T.C., Erbach, D.C., and Cruse, R.M.. 1990. Corn response to seed-row residue removal. Soil Science Society of America Journal 54:1112–1117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kondra, Z.P., Campbell, D.C., and King, J.R.. 1983. Temperature effects on the germination of rapeseed (Brassica napus L. and B. campestris L.). Canadian Journal of Plant Science 63:1063–1065.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Laflen, J.M., Amemiya, M., and Hintz, E.A.. 1981. Measuring crop residue cover. Journal of Soil Water Conservation 36:341–343.Google Scholar
Lindwall, C.W., and Erbach, D.C.. 1983. Residue cover, soil temperature regime and corn growth. ASAE Paper No. 83–1024. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, Michigan.Google Scholar
McLelland, M.B. 1982. Barley Production in Alberta. Agdex 114/20–1. Media Branch, Alberta Agriculture, Edmonton, AB.Google Scholar
Nuttonson, M.Y. 1957. Barley-Climate Relationships and the use of Phenology in Ascertaining the Thermal and Photo-Thermal Requirements of Barley. American Institute of Crop Ecology. Cwb 8737–90994. US Weather Bureau, Washington, DC. p. 236–237.Google Scholar
SAS Institute Inc. 1990. SAS User's Guide: Statistics. Version 5. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC.Google Scholar
Shinners, K.J., Nelson, W.S., Wang, R.. 1994. Effects of residue-free band width on soil temperature and water content. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers 37:39–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steel, R.G.D., and Torrie, J.H.. 1980. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. 2nd ed. McGraw Hill, New York.Google Scholar