Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-01T00:05:10.209Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Ecological genetics and evolution in insect pests: Implications for lower input agriculture

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 October 2009

Ellen L. Simms
Ellen L. Simms
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109.
Get access

Abstract

This paper has three goals: (1) to convince ecologists and evolutionary biologists to study the evolution in insects of the ability to overcome crop protection measures, (2) to provide insights into the kinds of data needed to develop methods for retarding the evolution of such traits, and (3) to suggest that the study of these phenomena can further our understanding of evolution. The evolution of resistance to chemical insecticides often results in higher application rates and constant development of new classes of these potentially environmentally degrading toxicants. Moreover, it is important to understand resistance phenomena related to alternative crop protection measures involving plant genetic resistance and biological insecticides so that these less environmentally damaging control measures can be maintained. Insecticide resistance evolves in insect populations in response to selection by chemical compounds. Similarly, selection by host-plant defenses of resistant crops leads to the evolution of virulence to those varieties. The evolution of these traits constitutes an important subject of applied evolutionary biology. In the context of single-gene evolutionary models, this article reviews the most common strategies that have been suggested for retarding the evolution of insecticide resistance. These models are also used to illustrate the effects of ecological factors and genetical properties of insect populations on the evolution of resistance. Where appropriate, the relevance of these models to the evolution of virulence to resistant crop varieties is also described. Durability in the insecticidal effectiveness of a plant protective chemical is not incompatible with the requirement for health safety in the same material.

Keywords

ecologyenvironmentevolutiongeneinsect controlresistance
Type
Articles
Information
American Journal of Alternative Agriculture , Volume 2 , Issue 4 , Fall 1987 , pp. 153 - 159
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1987

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Amin, A. M., and White, G. B.. 1984. Relative fitness of organophosphate-resistant and susceptible strains of Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera:Culicidae). Bull. Entomol. Res. 74:591–598.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Brown, A. W. A. 1967. Genetics of insecticide resistance in insect vectors. In Wright, J. W. and Pal, R. (eds.). Genetics of Insect Vectors of Disease. Elsevier, New York. pp. 505–552.Google Scholar
3.Comins, H. N. 1977. The development of insecticide resistance in the presence of migration. J. Theor. Biol. 64:177–197.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.Crow, J. F. 1957. Genetics of insect resistance to chemicals. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 2:227–246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Curtis, C. F., Cook, L. M., and Wood, R. J.. 1978. Selection for and against insecticide resistance and possible methods of inhibiting the evolution of resistance in mosquitos. Ecol. Entomol. 3:273–287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.El-Khalib, Z. I., and Georghiou, G. P.. 1985. Comparative fitness of temesphos-resistant, susceptible, and hybrid phenotypes of the southern house mosquito (Diptera:Culicidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 78:1023–1029.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Emeka-Ejiofor, S. A. I., Curtis, C. F., and Davidson, G.. 1983. Tests for effects of insecticide resistance genes in Anopheles bambiae on fitness in the absence of insecticides. Ent. Exp. & Appl. 34:163–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8.Falconer, D. S. 1981. Introduction to quantitative genetics, 2nd ed.Longman, New York.Google Scholar
9.Ferrari, J. A., and Georghiou, G. P.. 1981. Effects of insecticidal selection and treatment on reproductive potential of resistant, susceptible, and heterozygous strains of the southern house mosquito. J. Econ. Entomol. 74:323–327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Fisher, R. A. 1918. The correlation between relatives on the supposition of Mendelian inheritance. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. 52:399–433.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Georghiou, G. P. 1986. The magnitude of the resistance problem. In National Research Council. Pesticide Resistance: Strategies and Tactics for Management. National Academy Press, Washington, DC. pp. 14–43.Google Scholar
12.Georgopoulos, S. G. 1986. Plant pathogens. In National Research Council. Pesticide Resistance: Strategies and Tactics for Management. National Academy Press, Washington, DC. pp. 100–110.Google Scholar
13.Goodman, R. M., Hauptli, H., Crossway, A., and Knauf, V. C.. 1987. Gene transfer in crop improvement. Science 236:48–54.Google Scholar
14.Gordon, H. T. 1961. Nutritional factors in insect resistance to chemicals. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 6:27–54.Google Scholar
15.Gould, F. 1983. Genetics of plant-herbivore systems: Interactions between applied and basic study. In Denno, R. F. and McClure, M. S. (eds.). Variable Plant and Herbivores in Natural and Managed Systems. Academic Press, New York, New York. pp. 599–653.Google Scholar
16.Gould, F. 1984. Role of behavior in the evolution of insect adaptation to insecticides and resistant host plants. Ent. Soc. Amer. Bull. 30:33–41.Google Scholar
17.Gould, F. 1988. Evolutionary biology and genetically engineered crops. BioScience 38:26–33.Google Scholar
18.Gould, F., Carroll, C. R., and Futuyma, D. J.. 1982. Cross-resistance to pesticides and plant defenses: A study of the two-spotted spider mite. Ent. Exp. & Appl. 31:175–180.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19.Greaves, J. H., Redfern, R., Ayers, P. B., and Gill, J. E.. 1977. Warfarin resistance: A balanced polymorphism in the Norway rat. Genet. Res. 30:257–263.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20.Helle, W. 1965. Resistance in the acrania: Mites. Adv. Acarol. 2:71–93.Google Scholar
21.Johnson, R. 1983. Genetic backgrouund of durable resistance. In Lamberti, F., Waller, J. M., and Van der Graaf, N. A. (eds.). Durable Resistance in Crops. Plenum Press, New York, New York. pp. 5–26.Google Scholar
22.King, J. C. 1954. The genetics of resistance to DDT in Drosophila melanogaster. J. Econ. Entomol. 47:387–393.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23.Levin, B. R., Barrett, J. A., Cruze, E. C., Dobson, A. P., Gould, F., Greaves, J. H., Heckel, D., May, R. M., Reynolds, H. T., Roush, R. T., Tabashnik, B. E., Uyenoyama, M., Via, S., Whitten, M. J., and Wolfe, M. S.. 1986. Population biology of pesticide resistance: Bridging the gap between theory and practical applications. In National Research Council. Pesticide Resistance: Strategies and Tactics for Management. National Academy Press, Washington, DC. pp. 143–156.Google Scholar
24.Liu, M. Y. 1982. Insecticide resistance in the diamond-back moth. J. Econ. Entomol. 75:153–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25.Mani, G. S. 1985. Evolution of resistance in the presence of two insecticides. Genetics 109:761–783.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
26.May, R. M., and Dobson, A. P.. 1986. Population dynamics and the rate of evolution of pesticide resistance. In National Research Council. Pesticide Resistance: Strategies and Tactics for Management. National Academy Press, Washington, DC. pp. 170–193.Google Scholar
27.Metcalf, R. L. 1980. Changing role of insecticides in crop protection. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 25:219–256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28.Muir, D. A. 1977. Genetic aspects of developing resistance of malaria vectors. 2. Gene flow and control pattern. WHO document WHO/VBC/77.659. World Health Org., Geneva.Google Scholar
29.Omer, S. M., Georghiou, G. P., and Irving, S. N.. 1980. DDT/pyrethroid resistance interrelationships in Anopheles stephensi. Mosq. News 40:200–209.Google Scholar
30.Pimentel, D., Andow, D., Dyson-Hudson, R., Gallaban, D., Jacobson, S., Irish, M., Kroop, S., Moss, A., Schreiner, I., Shepard, M., Thompson, T., and Vinzant, B.. 1980. Environmental and social costs of pesticides: A preliminary assessment. Oikos 34:126–140.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31.Raush, R. T., and McKenzie, J. A.. 1987. Ecological genetics of insecticide and acaricide resistance. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 32:361–380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32.Rawlings, P., Davison, G., Sakai, R. K., Aslamkhan, H. R., and Curtis, C. F.. 1981. Field measurement of the effective dominance of an insecticide resistance in anopheline mosquitos. Bull. WHO 59:631–640.Google ScholarPubMed
33.Rowland, M. W. 1987. Fitness of insecticide resistance. Science 327:194.Google Scholar
34.Russell, G. E. 1978. Plant breeding for pest and disease resistance. Butterworth, London.Google Scholar
35.Sosa, O. 1981. Biotypes J and L of the Hessian fly discovered in an Indiana wheat field. J. Econ. Entomol. 74:180–182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
36.Tabashnik, B. E., and Croft, B. A.. 1982. Managing pesticide resistance in crop-arthropod complexes: Interactions between biological and operational factors. Environ. Entomol. 11:1137–1144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
37.Tabashnik, B. E., Cushing, J. L., and Johnson, W. M.. 1987. Diamond back moth (Lepidpptera:Plutellidae) resistance to insecticides in Hawaii: Intra-island variation and cross-resistance. J. Econ. Entomol. 80:1091–1099.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
38.Taylor, C. E., and Georghiou, G. P.. 1979. Suppression of insecticide resistance by alteration of gene dominance and migration. J. Ecol. Entomol. 72:105–109.Google Scholar
39.Uyenoyama, M. K. 1986. Pleiotropy and the evolution of genetic systems conferring resistance to pesticides. In National Research Council. Pesticide Resistance: Strategies and Tactics for Management. National Academy Press, Washington, DC. pp. 207–221.Google Scholar
40.Via, S. 1986. Quantitative genetic models and the evolution of pesticide resistance. In National Research Council. Pesticide Resistance: Strategies and Tactics for Management. National Academy Press, Washington, DC. pp. 222–235.Google Scholar
41.Whitten, M. J., and McKenzie, J. A.. 1982. The genetic basis for pesticide resistance. In K. E. Lee (ed.). Proc. 3rd Australes. Conf. Grassland Invert. Ecol. Govt. Printer, Adelaide Aust, S.A. p. 1016.Google Scholar