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Stone Raw Material Availability and Early Archaic Settlement in the Southeastern United States

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

I. Randolph Daniel Jr.
I. Randolph Daniel Jr.*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858
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Abstract

The band-macroband Early Archaic settlement model has had widespread use in Southeastern North American archaeology since its introduction some ten years ago (Anderson and Hanson 1988). Nevertheless, the model has undergone little critical testing. New data from Early Archaic assemblages in North Carolina and South Carolina are used to test the model's posited settlement range and site types. At issue is the role played by the limited distribution of high-quality knappable stone in Early Archaic adaptations. Contrary to the band-macroband model, it is suggested that high-quality tool stone played a more significant role in settlement adaptations than previously recognized. In particular, group mobility incorporated the geological occurrence of preferred tool stone. Moreover, it is argued that the level of tool curation in Early Archaic assemblages is telling us less about forager or collector site types than it is about the differential use of stone raw material. Last, a new settlement model is proposed whereby settlement ranges were not restricted to particular watersheds along the South Atlantic Slope; rather, settlement ranges “mapped on” to an area that varied annually across the landscape according to food availability but generally included regionally significant stone quarries.

Résumé

Résumé

El arcaico modelo “banda-macrobanda” de colonization ha tenido un amplio uso en la arqueología del sudeste norteamericano desde su introduction hace aproximadamente diez años (Anderson y Hanson 1998). Sin embargo, el modelo no ha sido lo sufi-cientemente sometido a un análisis о prueba crltíca. Information reciente sobre agrupaciones primitivas de Carolina delNortey Carolina del Sur se utiliza para examinar y comprobar la extension y los tipos de sitios de las colonias propuestos en el modelo. Esta en discusión la influencia de la limitada distribution depiedra utihable de alta calidad en las adaptacionesprimitivas arcaicas. Al contrario del modelo banda-macrobanda, se sugiere que la existencia de la herramienta depiedra de alta cualidad jugó un papel más significative en la adaptation de las colonias que el notado anteriormente. En particular, el movimiento del grupo ocurrio en relation a los depósitos de piedra preferida para herramientas. Además, se argumenta que el nivel de la curación de herramientas en grupos arcaicós primitives nos dice menas sobre los tipos de sitios de colectores y torrajeros que la relation con el uso diferenciado de la materia prima de piedra. Por ultimo, se propone un nuevo modelo de colonization por medio del cual las extensiones de la colonization no se limitaron a cuencas particulares a lo largo de la Vertiente Sudatlántica; más bien las extensiones de las colonizacionese estuvieron situadas en areas que variaron anualmente de acuerdo con la disponibilidad de comida pero que más generalmente obrecieron minas de piedra de importancia regional.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 66 , Issue 2 , April 2001 , pp. 237 - 265
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 2001

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