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Political Hierarchies and Organizational Strategies in the Puebloan Southwest

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Gary M. Feinman ,
Kent G. Lightfoot  and
Steadman Upham
Gary M. Feinman
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605gfeinman @fmnh.org
Kent G. Lightfoot
Affiliation:
Archaeological Research Facility, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley, CA [email protected]
Steadman Upham
Affiliation:
Office of the President, 100 Harper Hall, 150 E.Tenth Street, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA [email protected]
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Abstract

This paper offers a new perspective for the study of prehistoric Pueblo political organization in the American Southwest. In reviewing salient developments in Puebloan archaeology over the last 20 years, we discuss shortcomings in previous studies that argued for either “simple” or “complex” societies without recognizing the potential for hierarchy and equality to coexist simultaneously in all human societies. An alternative approach is outlined that considers corporate and network strategies of political action as a continuum for examining the organizational structure of Southwestern societies. Consideration of the corporate-network dimension is not seen as a replacement for the dimension of hierarchy, but as an analog to it. We consider the utility of this approach in analyzing the community organization of historic Pueblos and argue that the corporate-network continuum may have “deep” time depth in the broader region of the Desert West. Our findings suggest that a diverse range of corporate and network strategies were employed among residents of pithouse villages (A.D. 200-900) and that the pithouse-to-pueblo transition (ca. A.D. 700-1000) marked a significant organizational shift to more corporate forms of political action that also characterize historic and modern Pueblos.

Resumen

Resumen

En este artículo ofrecemos una nueva perspectiva sobre la organizatión política de la sociedad Pueblo del periodo prehistórico en el suroeste de los Estados Unidos. Al revisar los sobresalientes desarrollos arqueológicos de los últimos 20 años, reconocemos deficiencias en los estudiosprevios queproponian modelos de "sencillez" o "complejidad" sin reconocer laposibilidadde la coexistencia de los conceptos de jerarquía e igualdad. Para reemplazar estos conceptos con un nuevo marco teórico capza de analizar las tendencias sociales multifaceticas, esbozamos un par de estrategias politicas, las cuales llamamos "corporativa" (corporate) y "de redes exclusivas" (exclusionary, o network). No se considera el continuo corporate-nework como el reem plazante para la dimension de jerarquia sino una cosa andloga. Demostramos la utilidad de estos conceptos en el análisis de la organización de los Pueblos históricos y proponemos que el continuo corporate-network tiene una notable profundidad temporal en el suroeste de los Estados Unidos. Nuestros resultados sugieren que los residentes de las aldeas tempranas de casas semi-subterráneas (200-900 d. C.) emplearon un notable rango de estrategias corporate-network, pero que el periodo siguiente, de la transición de casas semi-subterrdneas a las casas de estilo "pueblo" (700-1000 d. C), fue marcado por un cambio organizational que abarcaba unasformas más corporativas, las cuales también caracterizan a los pueblos históricos y modernos.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 65 , Issue 3 , July 2000 , pp. 449 - 470
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 2000

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