Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T02:34:41.210Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Maritime Ritual Economies of Cosmic Synchronicity: Summer Solstice Events at a Civic-Ceremonial Center on the Northern Gulf Coast of Florida

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 September 2019

Kenneth E. Sassaman ,
Meggan E. Blessing ,
Joshua M. Goodwin ,
Jessica A. Jenkins ,
Ginessa J. Mahar ,
Anthony Boucher ,
Terry E. Barbour  and
Mark C. Donop
Kenneth E. Sassaman*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611, USA
Meggan E. Blessing
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611, USA
Joshua M. Goodwin
Affiliation:
Bureau of Archaeological Research, Division of Historical Resources, Florida Department of State, Tallahassee, FL32301, USA
Jessica A. Jenkins
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611, USA
Ginessa J. Mahar
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611, USA
Anthony Boucher
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611, USA
Terry E. Barbour
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611, USA
Mark C. Donop
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32611, USA
*
([email protected], corresponding author)
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Places such as Poverty Point, Mound City, and Chaco Canyon remind us that the siting of ritual infrastructure in ancient North America was a matter of cosmological precedent. The cosmic gravity of these places gathered persons periodically in numbers that challenged routine production. Ritual economies intensified, but beyond the material demands of hosting people, the siting of these places and the timing of gatherings were cosmic work that preconfigured these outcomes. A first millennium AD civic-ceremonial center on the northern Gulf Coast of Florida illustrates the rationale for holding feasts on the end of a parabolic dune that it shared with an existing mortuary facility. Archaeofauna from large pits at Shell Mound support the inference that feasts were timed to summer solstices. Gatherings were large, judging from the infrastructure in support of feasts and efforts to intensify production through oyster mariculture and the construction of a large tidal fish trap. The 250-year history of summer solstice feasts at Shell Mound reinforces the premise that ritual economies were not simply the amplification of routine production. It also suggests that the ecological potential for intensification was secondary to the cosmic significance of solstice-oriented dunes and their connection to mortuary and world-renewal ceremonialism.

Lugares como Poverty Point, Mound City y Chaco Canyon nos muestran que la ubicación de la infraestructura ritual que fue edificada en la antigua Norteamérica fue basada en precedentes cosmológicos. La importancia cósmica de estos lugares congregaba periódicamente a multitudes, en proporciones tales que sobrepasaban la capacidad productiva de la zona. Las economías rituales fueron intensificadas, pero, más allá de las demandas económicas de acoger a las muchedumbres, la ubicación de estos lugares y la sincronización de estas reuniones fueron actividades basadas en el cosmos, el cual preestablecía las condiciones de estos eventos. En un centro cívico-ceremonial que se remonta al primer milenio dC, ubicado en la costa norte de Florida, en el Golfo de Méjico, se percibe la lógica en la que estas festividades se fundamentaban y en el lugar en el que se celebraban: en el extremo de una duna parabólica que al mismo tiempo compartía espacio con un recinto mortuorio. La arqueofauna de las fosas grandes excavadas en Shell Mound sustenta la conclusión de que los festines fueron programados para los solsticios de verano. Las reuniones fueron masivas, a juzgar por la infraestructura empleada en la organización de estas celebraciones y los esfuerzos orientados hacia la intensificación de la producción a través de la maricultura de ostras y la construcción de una gran trampa de peces en áreas de marea. Los 250 años de historia de festines en celebración a los solsticios estivales en Shell Mound, corroboran la proposición de que las economías rituales no fueron simplemente una intensificación de la producción cotidiana. También sugieren que el potencial ecológico para la intensificación era secundario al significado cósmico de estas dunas orientadas al solsticio y su explicable conexión con el ritualismo tanto mortuorio como de regeneración.

Keywords

ritual economycosmologyworld renewalfeastssummer solsticeintensificationeconomía ritualcosmologíareconfiguración del mundofestinessolsticios de veranointensificación
Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 85 , Issue 1 , January 2020 , pp. 22 - 50
Copyright
Copyright © 2019 by the Society for American Archaeology

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References Cited

Anderson, David K. 2002 Understanding the Impacts of the Florida Net Ban (Article X, Section 16 of the State Constitution). Proceedings of the Gulf and Caribbean Fisheries Institute 53:378–392.Google Scholar
Anderson, David G., and Sassaman, Kenneth E. 2012 Recent Developments in Southeastern Archaeology: From Colonization to Complexity. SAA Press, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Avery, Graham 1975 Discussion on the Age and Use of Tidal Fish-Traps (Visvywers). South African Archaeological Bulletin 30:105–113.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bender, Barbara 1985 Emergent Tribal Formations in the American Midcontinent. American Antiquity 50:52–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernardini, Wesley 2004 Hopewell Geometric Earthworks: A Case Study in the Referential and Experiential Meaning of Monuments. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 23:331–356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berquist, Derk C., Hale, Jason A., Baker, Patrick, and Baker, Shirley M. 2006 Development of Ecosystem Indicators for the Suwannee River Estuary: Oyster Reef Habitat Quality along a Salinity Gradient. Estuaries and Coasts 29:353–360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biersak, Aletta 1999 Introduction: From the “New Ecology” to the New Ecologies. American Anthropologist 10:5–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blitz, John H. 1993 Big Pots for Big Shots: Feasting and Storage in a Mississippian Community. American Antiquity 58:80–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bloch, Lindsey, Wallis, Neill J., Kamenov, George, and Jaeger, John M. 2019 Production Origins and Matrix Constituents of Spiculate Pottery in Florida, USA: Defining Ubiquitous St Johns Ware by LA-ICP-MS and XRD. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 24:313–323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boucher, Anthony 2017 Paths of the Past: An Off-Mound Survey of Shell Mound's (8LV42) Northeastern Peninsula. Master's thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Bronk Ramsey, Christopher 2017 OxCal 4.3.2. Electronic document, https://c14.arch.ox.ac.uk/oxcalhelp/hlp_contents.html, accessed October 3, 2018.Google Scholar
Bullen, Ripley P., and Dolan, Edward M. 1960 Shell Mound, Levy County, Florida. Florida Anthropologist 13:17–23.Google Scholar
Claassen, Cheryl 2010 Feasting with Shellfish in the Southern Ohio Valley: Archaic Sacred Sites and Rituals. University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville.Google Scholar
Cobb, Charles R., and Stephenson, Keith D. 2017 Cosmic Debt and Relational Consumption. In Foreign Objects: Rethinking Indigenous Consumption in American Archaeology, edited by Cipolla, Craig N., pp. 143–161. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
DeBoer, Warren R. 2001 The Big Drink: Feast and Forum in the Upper Amazon. In Feasts: Archaeological and Ethnographic Perspectives on Food, Politics, and Power, edited by Dietler, Michael and Hayden, Brian, pp. 215–239. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Donop, Mark C. 2017 Bundled Ancestor: The Palmetto Mound (8LV2) on the Florida Gulf Coast. PhD dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Florida Fish and Wildlife 2016 Fisheries-Independent Monitoring Program Using Stratified-Random Sampling. Vol. 2016. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Tallahassee.Google Scholar
Florida Fish and Wildlife 2019 Mullet. Electronic document, https://myfwc.com/fishing/saltwater/recreational/mullet/, accessed June 14, 2019.Google Scholar
Florida Museum of Natural History 2019 Striped Mullet. Electronic document, https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/discover-fish/species-profiles/mugil-cephalus/, accessed June 30, 2019.Google Scholar
Friedman, Jonathan 1974 Marxism, Structuralism, and Vulgar Materialism. Man 9:444–469.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gamble, Lynn H. 2017 Feasting, Ritual Practices, Social Memory, and Persistent Places: New Interpretations of Shell Mounds in Southern California. American Antiquity 82:427–451.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goggin, John M. 1948 Some Pottery Types from Central Florida. Bulletin 1. Gainesville Anthropological Association, Gainesville, Florida.Google Scholar
Goodbred, Steven L., Hine, Albert C., and Wright, Eric E. 1998 Sea-Level Change and Storm Surge Deposition in a Late Holocene Florida Salt Marsh. Journal of Sedimentary Research 68:240–252.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodwin, Joshua M. 2017 When the Ocean Meets the Sky: An Analysis of Avian Remains from a Civic-Ceremonial Center on the Florida Gulf Coast. Master's thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Goodwin, Joshua M., Sassaman, Kenneth E., Blessing, Meggan E., and Steadman, David W. 2019 Birds of Summer Solstice: World-Renewal Rituality on the Northern Gulf Coast of Florida. Cambridge Archaeological Journal, in press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, Robert L. 1985 Medicine Wheels, Sun Circles, and the Magic of World Center Shrines. Plains Anthropologist 30:181–193.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hall, Robert L. 1997 An Archaeology of the Soul: North American Indian Belief and Ritual. University of Illinois Press, Urbana.Google Scholar
Hardenberg, Roland 2016 The Study of Socio-cosmic Fields (Introduction). In Approaching Ritual Economy: Socio-cosmic Fields in Globalized Contexts, edited by Hardenberg, Roland, pp. 7–36. CRC 1070, Tübingen, Germany.Google Scholar
Herva, Vesa-Pekka, and Ylimaunu, Timo 2014 Coastal Cosmologies: Long-Term Perspectives on the Perception and Understanding of Dynamic Coastal Landscapes in the Northern Baltic Sea Region. Time and Mind 7:183–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Howey, Meghan, and O'Shea, John 2006 Bear's Journey and the Study of Ritual in Archaeology. American Antiquity 71:261–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hudson, Charles 1976 The Southeastern Indians. University of Tennessee Press, Knoxville.Google Scholar
Jenkins, Jessica A. 2016 Archaeological Evidence of Oyster Mariculture in the Lower Suwannee Region of Gulf Coastal Florida. Master's thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Jenkins, Jessica A. 2017 Methods for Inferring Oyster Mariculture on Florida's Gulf Coast. Journal of Archaeological Science 80:74–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kassabaum, Megan C. 2014 Feasting and Communal Ritual in the Lower Mississippi Valley, A.D. 700–1000. PhD dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.Google Scholar
Kassabaum, Megan C. 2019 Early Platforms, Early Plazas: Exploring the Precursors to Mississippian Mound-and-Plaza Centers. Journal of Archaeological Research 27:187–247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kassabaum, Megan C., and Nelson, Erin Stevens 2016 Standing Posts and Special Substances: Gathering and Ritual Deposition at Feltus (22JE500), Jefferson County, Mississippi. Southeastern Archaeology 35:134–154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knight, Vernon James 2001 Feasting and the Emergence of Platform Mound Ceremonialism in Eastern North America. In Feasts: Archaeological and Ethnographic Perspectives on Food, Politics, and Power, edited by Dietler, Michael and Hayden, Brian, pp. 311–333. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Lankford, George E. 2004 World on a String: Some Cosmological Components of the Southeastern Ceremonial Complex. In Hero, Hawk, and Open Hand: American Indian Art of the Ancient Midwest and South, edited by Townsend, Richard F. and Sharp, Robert V., pp. 206–217. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut.Google Scholar
Lindauer, Owen, and Blitz, John H. 1997 Higher Ground: The Archaeology of North American Platform Mounds. Journal of Archaeological Research 5:169–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lourandos, Harry 1988 Palaeopolitics: Resource Intensification in Aboriginal Australia and Papua New Guinea. In Hunters and Gatherers 1: History, Evolution and Social Change, edited by Ingold, Tim, Riches, David, and Woodburn, James, pp. 148–160. Berg, Oxford.Google Scholar
Luby, Edward M., and Gruber, Mark F. 1999 The Dead Must Be Fed: Symbolic Meanings of the Shell Mounds of San Francisco Bay Area. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 9:95–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lulewicz, Isabelle H., Thompson, Victor D., Pluckhahn, Thomas J., Andrus, C. Fred T., and Das, Oindrila 2018 Exploring Oyster (Crassostrea virginica) Habitat Collection via Oxygen Isotope Geochemistry and Its Implications for Ritual and Mound Construction at Crystal River and Roberts Island, Florida. Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology 13:388–404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mahar, Ginessa J. 2019 The Practice of Fishing: Investigating the Sociality of Mass-Capture Fishing along the North Florida Gulf Coast. PhD dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
McAnany, Patricia A., and Wells, E. Christian 2008 Toward a Theory of Ritual Economy. In Dimensions of Ritual Economy, edited by Wells, E. Christian and McAnany, Patricia A., pp. 1–16. Research in Economic Anthropology Vol. 27. Emerald Group, Bingley, UK.Google Scholar
McFadden, Paulette M. 2015 Coastal Evolution and Pre-columbian Human Occupation in Horseshoe Cove on the Northern Gulf Coast of Florida. Geoarchaeology 31:355–375.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McNiven, Ian J. 2016 Increase Rituals and Environmental Variability on Small Residential Islands of Torres Strait. Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology 11:195–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milanich, Jerald T., Cordell, Ann S., Knight, Vernon J. Jr., Kohler, Timothy A., and Sigler-Lavelle, Brenda J. 1984 McKeithen Weeden Island: The Culture of Northern Florida, A.D. 200–900. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Morgan, Christopher 2015 Is It Intensification Yet? Current Archaeological Perspectives on the Evolution of Hunter-Gatherer Economies. Journal of Archaeological Research 23:163–213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Donoughue, Jason M. 2009 Limestone-Tempered Wares from the Northern Peninsular Gulf Coast of Florida. Paper on file at the Laboratory of Southeastern Archaeology, Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Palmiotto, Andrea 2015 Effective Seasons and Mobility Practices in the Lower Suwannee Region, Florida: A Zooarchaeological Study. PhD dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Palmiotto, Andrea 2016 Indicator Groups and Effective Seasons on the Coast: Zooarchaeology of Fish in the Lower Suwannee Region of Florida. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 7:330–343.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pauketat, Timothy R. 2013 An Archaeology of the Cosmos: Rethinking Agency and Religion in Ancient America. Routledge, London.Google Scholar
Pauketat, Timothy R., Alt, Susan M., and Kruchten, Jeffery D. 2017 The Emerald Acropolis: Elevating the Moon and Water in the Rise of Cahokia. Antiquity 91:207–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pluckhahn, Thomas J. 2003 Kolomoki: Settlement, Ceremony, and Status in the Deep South, A.D. 350 to 750. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa.Google Scholar
Pluckhahn, Thomas J., and Thompson, Victor D. 2018 New Histories of Village Life at Crystal River. University of Florida Press, Gainesville.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Randall, Asa R., and Sassaman, Kenneth E. 2017 Terraforming the Middle Ground in Ancient Florida. Hunter Gatherer Research 3:9–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rappaport, Roy A. 1968 Pigs for the Ancestors: Ritual in the Ecology of a New Guinea People. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut.Google Scholar
Rappaport, Roy A. 1999 Ritual and Religion in the Making of Humanity. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reimer, Paula J., Bard, Edouard, Bayliss, Alex, Beck, J. Warren, Blackwell, Paul G., Bronk Ramsey, Christopher, Buck, Caitlin E., Cheng, Hai, Edwards, R. Lawrence, Friedrich, Michael, Grootes, Pieter M., Guilderson, Thomas P., Haflidason, Haflidi, Hajdas, Irka, Hatté, Christine, Heaton, Timothy J., Hoffmann, Dirk L., Hogg, Alan G., Hughen, Konrad A., Kaiser, K. Felix, Kromer, Bernd, Manning, Sturt W., Niu, Mu, Reimer, Ron W., Richards, David A., Scott, E. Marian, Southon, John R., Staff, Richard A., Turney, Christian S. M., and van der Plicht, Johannes 2013 IntCal13 and Marine13 Radiocarbon Age Calibration Curves 0–50,000 Years cal BP. Radiocarbon 55:1869–1887.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reitz, Elizabeth J., and Wing, Elizabeth S. 1999 Zooarchaeology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Google Scholar
Roberts, Amy, Mollenmans, Adrian, Agius, Quenten, Graham, Fred, Newchurch, Jeffrey, Rigney, Lester-Irabinna, Sansbury, Fred, Sansbury, Lindsay, Turner, Peter, Wanganeen, Greg, and Wanganeen, Klynton 2016 “They Planned Their Calendar . . . They Set Up Ready for What They Wanted to Feed the Tribe”: A First-Stage Analysis of Narungga Fish Traps on Yorke Peninsula, South Australia. Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology 11:1–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Romain, William 2015 Adena-Hopewell Earthworks and Milky Way Path of Souls. In Tracing the Relational: The Archaeology of Worlds, Spirits, and Temporalities, edited by Buchanan, Meghan E. and Skousen, B. Jacob, pp. 54–82. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.Google Scholar
Rudegeair, Thomas J. 1975 The Reproductive Behavior and Ecology of the White Ibis (Eudocimus albus). PhD dissertation, Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Russo, Michael 2004 Measuring Shell Rings for Social Inequality. In Signs of Power: The Rise of Cultural Complexity in the Southeast, edited by Gibson, Jon L. and Carr, Philip J., pp. 26–70. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa.Google Scholar
Russo, Michael, Dengel, Craig, and Shanks, Jeffrey 2014 Northwest Florida Woodland Mounds and Middens: The Sacred and Not So Secular. In New Histories of Pre-columbian Florida, edited by Wallis, Neill J. and Randall, Asa R., pp. 121–142. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Russo, Michael, and Heide, Gregory 2001 Shell Rings of the Southeast US. Antiquity 75:491–492.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sahlins, Marshall 1976 Culture and Practical Reason. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
Sassaman, Kenneth E. 2016 A Constellation of Practice in the Experience of Sea-Level Rise. In Knowledge in Motion: Constellations of Learning across Time and Place, edited by Roddick, Andrew P. and Stahl, Ann B., pp. 291–298. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.Google Scholar
Sassaman, Kenneth E., Barbour, Terry E. II, Blessing, Meggan E., Boucher, Anthony, Donop, Mark C., Duke, Charles Trevor, Goodwin, Joshua M., Jenkins, Jessica A., Mahar, Ginessa J., and Monés, Micah P. 2019 Lower Suwannee Archaeological Survey 2014–2016: Shell Mound and Cedar Key Tracts. Technical Report 25. Laboratory of Southeastern Archaeology, Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Sassaman, Kenneth E., Mahar, Ginessa J., Donop, Mark C., Jenkins, Jessica A., Boucher, Anthony, Oliveira, Cristina I., and Goodwin, Joshua M. 2015 Lower Suwannee Archaeological Survey 2013–2014: Shell Mound and Cedar Key Tracts. Technical Report 23. Laboratory of Southeastern Archaeology, Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Sassaman, Kenneth E., Palmiotto, Andrea, Mahar, Ginessa J., Monés, Micah P., and McFadden, Paulette S. 2013 Archaeological Investigations at Shell Mound (8LV42), Levy County, Florida: 2012 Testing. Technical Report 16. Laboratory of Southeastern Archaeology, Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Gainesville.Google Scholar
Sassaman, Kenneth E., Wallis, Neill J., McFadden, Paulette S., Mahar, Ginessa J., Jenkins, Jessica A., Donop, Mark C., Monés, Micah P., Palmiotto, Andrea, Boucher, Anthony, Goodwin, Joshua M., and Oliveira, Cristina I. 2017 Keeping Pace with Rising Sea: The First 6 Years of the Lower Suwannee Archaeological Survey, Gulf Coastal Florida. Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology 12:173–199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saunders, Rebecca 2017 Archaic Shell Mounds in the American Southeast. Archaeology of North America, Oxford Handbooks Online. DOI:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935413.013.75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seavey, Jennifer R., Pine, W. E. III, Frederick, P., Sturmer, L., and Berrigan, M. 2011 Decadal Changes in Oyster Reefs in the Big Bend of Florida's Gulf Coast. Ecosphere 2:1–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spielmann, Katherine A. 2002 Feasting, Craft Specialization, and the Ritual Mode of Production in Small-Scale Societies. American Anthropologist 104:195–207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spielmann, Katherine A. 2008 Crafting the Sacred: Ritual Places and Paraphernalia in Small-Scale Societies. In Dimensions of Ritual Economy, edited by Christian Wells, E. and McAnany, Patricia A., pp. 37–72. Research in Economic Anthropology Vol. 27. Emerald Group, Bingley, UK.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, Victor D., and Andrus, C. Fred T. 2011 Evaluating Mobility, Monumentality, and Feasting at the Sapelo Island Shell Ring Complex. American Antiquity 76:315–344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Urton, Gary 1981 At the Crossroads of Earth and Sky: An Andean Cosmology. University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
US National Research Council 1992 Marine Aquaculture: Opportunities for Growth. Committee on Assessment of Technology and Opportunities for Marine Aquaculture in the United States. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Wallis, Neill J. 2018 Powers of Place in the Predestined Middle Woodland Village. In The Archaeology of Villages in Eastern North America, edited by Birch, Jennifer and Thompson, Victor D., pp. 36–53. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallis, Neill J., and Blessing, Meggan E. 2015 Ritualized Deposition and Feasting Pits: Bundling of Animal Remains in Mississippi Period Florida. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 25:79–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallis, Neill J., McFadden, Paulette S., and Singleton, Hayley M. 2015 Radiocarbon Dating the Pace of Monument Construction and Village Aggregation at Garden Patch: A Ceremonial Center on the Florida Gulf Coast. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 2:507–516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallis, Neill J., Pluckhahn, Thomas J., and Glascock, Michael D. 2016 Sourcing Interaction Networks of the American Southeast: Neutron Activation Analysis of Swift Creek Complicated Stamped Pottery. American Antiquity 81:717–736.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weissner, Polly 2001 On Feasting and Value: Enga Feasts in a Historical Perspective (Papua New Guinea). In Feasts: Archaeological and Ethnographic Perspectives on Food, Politics, and Power, edited by Dietler, Michael and Hayden, Brian, pp. 115–143. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Williamson, Ray A. 1987 Living the Sky: The Cosmos of the American Indian. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.Google Scholar
Witthoft, John 1949 Green Corn Ceremonialism in the Eastern Woodlands. Occasional Contributions 13. Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Wright, Alice P. 2017 Local and “Global” Perspectives on the Middle Woodland Southeast. Journal of Archaeological Research 25:37–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wright, Eric E., Hine, Albert C., Goodbred, Steven L. Jr., and Locker, Stanley D. 2005 The Effect of Sea-Level and Climate Change on the Development of a Mixed Siliciclastic-Carbonate, Deltaic Coastline: Suwannee River, Florida, U.S.A. Journal of Sedimentary Research 75:621–635.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: PDF

Sassaman et al. supplementary material

Sassaman et al. supplementary material

Download Sassaman et al. supplementary material(PDF)
PDF 767.8 KB