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The Jim Pitts Site: A Stratified Paleoindian Site in the Black Hills of South Dakota

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Frederic Sellet ,
James Donohue  and
Matthew G. Hill
Frederic Sellet
Affiliation:
University of Northern Colorado, Anthropology Program, Campus Box 90, Greeley, Colorado 80639 ([email protected])
James Donohue
Affiliation:
South Dakota Archaeological Research Center, 2425 E. Saint Charles St., Rapid City, South Dakota 57703 ([email protected])
Matthew G. Hill
Affiliation:
Iowa State University, Department of Anthropology, 324 Curtiss, Ames, Iowa 50011-1050 (mghill @ iastate.edu)
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Abstract

The Jim Pitts site is a multicomponent Paleoindian locality in the Black Hills of South Dakota, with a rare Goshen residential occupation. All Paleoindian components were comprised in the Leonard paleosol. The deepest component at the site is a Goshen level dated to 10,185 ± 25 B.P. It correlates with a late fall-early winter camp site. Over the course of its use parts of at least five bison were procured and introduced to the site. Above this level an array of point styles, including Goshen, Folsom, Agate Basin, several Fishtail points, James Allen, Cody, and Alberta, have also been found. The following study provides a typological and technological description of the point assemblage and weighs the implications of the chrono-cultural stratigraphy for reconstructing the Paleoindian cultural landscape. It questions the validity of some types, particularly Goshen, as cultural and chronological markers. Ultimately, the evidence presented here reinforces a model in which multiple Paleoindian point types occur simultaneously on the central and northern Great Plains. This in turn challenges a unilineal view of Paleoindian culture history.

Résumé

Résumé

El sitio Jim Pitts es una localidad multi-componente Paleoindia en los Black Hills de Dakota del Sur, con una infrecuente ocupación residencial Goshen. Todos los componentes Paleoindios están comprendidos en el paleosuelo Leonard. El componente más profundo del sitio es un nivel Goshen fechado en 10,185 ± 25 a.P., el cual se correlaciona con un campamento otoñalinveral durante el cual partes de al menos cinco bisontes fueron procurados e introducidos al sitio. Sobre este nivel, una variedad de puntas de proyectil incluyendo Goshen, Folsom, Agate Basin, varias puntas cola de pescado, James Allen, Cody, y Alberta también fueron halladas. El análisis que sigue aporta una descripción tipológica y tecnológica de los conjuntos de puntas y examina las implicaciones de la estratigrafía crono-cultural para la reconstrucción del paisaje cultural Paleoindio. Se cuestiona la validez de algunos tipos, particularmente el tipo Goshen, como un indicador cultural y cronológico. La evidencia presentada fundamentalmente refuerza un modelo donde múltiples tipos de puntas Paleoindias ocurren simultáneamente en las Grandes Llanuras centrales y septentrionales, que desafía la perspectiva unilineal de la historia cultural Paleoindia.

Type
Reports
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 74 , Issue 4 , October 2009 , pp. 735 - 758
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2009

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