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Jake Bluff: Clovis Bison Hunting on the Southern Plains of North America

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Leland C. Bement  and
Brian J. Carter
Leland C. Bement
Affiliation:
Oklahoma Archeological Survey, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019 ([email protected])
Brian J. Carter
Affiliation:
Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078 ([email protected])
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Abstract

Clovis hunters of the North American Great Plains are known for their ability to hunt and scavenge mammoths. Less is known of their hunting strategies for other large animals, such as horse, camel, and bison, although remains of these animals have been found at several Clovis camps. Recent investigations of the Jake Bluff site on the southern Plains have identified a Clovis bison kill in an arroyo. The apparent use of an arroyo style trap for bison hunting provides the opportunity to study Clovis hunting strategies that came to be widely used during later Paleoindian times. The arroyo style bison trap is generally attributed to Folsom and later groups, and yet the Jake Bluff site yielded an association of Clovis-style projectile points with the remains of 22 Bison antiquus at the bottom of a short arroyo. The late date of 12,838 cal. BP suggests that the site spans the gap between the Clovis mammoth hunter and the Folsom bison hunter, indicating that some Clovis hunters developed the arroyo style bison trap to capture multiple bison at the same time, and as mammoths were extirpated from certain areas during the Pleistocene to Holocene transition.

Resumen

Resumen

Los cazadores Clovis de los Great Plains de Norte América se conocen por su habilidad de cazar mamuts y alimentarse de restos de mamuts. Se conoce menos de sus estrategias de caza para otros animales grandes, como caballos, camellos, y bisontes, aunque se han encontrado restos de estos animales en varios campamentos Clovis. Investigaciones recientes del sitio, Jake Bluff, en el sur de las Great Plains han identificado una matanza Clovis de bisontes en un arroyo. Este uso aparente de una trampa de estilo arroyo para cazar bisontes provee la oportunidad de estudiar estrategias Clovis de caza que llegaron a usarse extensamente durante tiempos más tardíos paleo-indios. La trampa de estilo arroyo para bisontes generalmente se atribuye a Folsom y otros grupos más tardíos, y sin embargo, el sitio Jake Bluff rindió una asociación de puntas de proyectil de estilo Clovis con los restos de 22 Bison antiquus en el fondo de un arroyo corto. La fecha tardía de 12,838 AP sugiere que el sitio abarca el intervalo entre los cazadores Clovis de mamuts y los cazadores Folsom de bisontes, indicando que los cazadores Clovis desarrollaron la trampa estilo arroyo para bisontes para capturar múltiples bisontes al mismo tiempo, y así, un abastecimiento de carne cuando el número de mamuts disminuía durante la transición de Pleistoceno al Holoceno.

Type
Reports
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 75 , Issue 4 , October 2010 , pp. 907 - 933
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2010

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