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Iridescent Beetle Adornments Suggest Incipient Status Competition among the Earliest Horticulturalists in Bears Ears National Monument

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2023

Michael L. Terlep Open the ORCID record for Michael L. Terlep [Opens in a new window] ,
Francis E. Smiley  and
Randall Haas Open the ORCID record for Randall Haas [Opens in a new window]
Michael L. Terlep
Affiliation:
North Kaibab Ranger District, Kaibab National Forest, Fredonia, AZ, USA
Francis E. Smiley*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
Randall Haas
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
*
Corresponding author: Francis E. Smiley. Email: [email protected]
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Abstract

Anthropological research has long theorized that emergent food-producing economies catalyzed high levels of inequality in human societies, as evident in the earliest use of jewelry made from gold, copper, and other precious minerals among early agricultural populations. Although the US Southwest appears to have been an exception, we report the discovery of two Basketmaker II period necklaces constructed of green iridescent scarab beetle femora, which suggests a homologous association between emergent agriculture and inequality. Drawing insight from ethnography, archaeology, entomology, and evolutionary ecology, we hypothesize that these and other jewelry items of Basketmaker II culture were visually prominent, honest signals of socioeconomic capital that emerged during a period of surplus food production and incipient wealth accumulation. It appears that Basketmaker II societies—like other emergent food-producing economies around the world—grappled with the opportunities and challenges that arise with surplus production, albeit in a distinct way that involved visually striking insect and feather adornments as status signals. Archaeologists may have previously overlooked this behavior due to Western biases that privilege precious metals and minerals as prestige objects and archaeological biases that tend to view insects as food or agents of site disturbance.

Resumen

Resumen

La investigación antropológica ha teorizado durante mucho tiempo que las economías emergentes productoras de alimentos catalizaron altos niveles de desigualdad en las sociedades humanas, como se evidencia en el uso más temprano de joyas de oro, cobre y otros minerales preciosos entre las primeras poblaciones agrícolas. Aunque el suroeste de los EE. UU. parece haber sido una excepción, informamos el descubrimiento de dos collares del Período Basketmaker II elaborados con fémures de escarabajo verde iridiscente, que sugieren una asociación homóloga entre la agricultura emergente y la desigualdad. Extrayendo información de la etnografía, la arqueología, la entomología y la ecología evolutiva, planteamos la hipótesis de que estos y otros artículos de joyería de la cultura Basketmaker II fueron señales honestas y visualmente prominentes del capital socioeconómico que surgió durante un período de producción excedente de alimentos y acumulación incipiente de riqueza. Parece que las sociedades Basketmaker II, al igual que otras economías emergentes productoras de alimentos en todo el mundo, lidiaron con las oportunidades y los desafíos que surgen con la producción excedente, aunque de una manera distinta que involucraba adornos de insectos y plumas visualmente llamativos como señales de estatus. Es posible que los arqueólogos hayan pasado por alto este comportamiento anteriormente debido a los prejuicios occidentales que privilegian los metales y minerales preciosos como objetos de prestigio y los sesgos arqueológicos que tienden a ver a los insectos como alimento o agentes de perturbación del sitio.

Keywords

agricultural originsinequalitycostly signalingarchaeoentomologyUS SouthwestBasketmaker II periodorígenes agrícolasdesigualdadseñalización costosaarqueoentomologíasuroeste de EE. UUPeríodo Basketmaker II
Type
Article
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 88 , Issue 1 , January 2023 , pp. 2 - 19
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Society for American Archaeology

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