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Hunter-Gatherer Occupation of the Central Colorado Plateau during the Pleistocene-Holocene Transition

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 May 2020

Jesse W. Tune Open the ORCID record for Jesse W. Tune [Opens in a new window]
Jesse W. Tune*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Fort Lewis College, 1000 Rim Drive, Durango, CO81301, USA
*
([email protected], corresponding author)
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Abstract

The central Colorado Plateau contains an exceptional density of cultural resources. Historically, however, archaeological investigations have overlooked the late Pleistocene and early Holocene record of this region. As such, there is currently a biased understanding of the earliest human occupations and adaptations. The regional Paleoindian record is reviewed here to assess the nature of initial human occupation of the area. Projectile point typologies, toolstone selection, and site distributions are used to characterize the land use patterns used by the region's earliest inhabitants. Results suggest that as early as circa 13,000 cal BP Clovis groups were familiar with the lithic landscape and habitually made use of local materials. Subsequent Paleoindian populations maintained relatively consistent levels of occupation throughout the Pleistocene-Holocene transition. Finally, the presence of classic Southwest, High Plains, and Great Basin–related lithic technologies suggests that the central Colorado Plateau was part of early interregional land use strategies.

La meseta central de Colorado es conocida por su excepcional densidad en recursos culturales. Sin embargo, históricamente las investigaciones arqueológicas han pasado por alto el registro del Pleistoceno tardío y el Holoceno temprano en esta región. De esta manera, la comprensión actual sobre las primeras ocupaciones y adaptaciones humanas es parcial. En este estudio se realiza una revisión del registro paleoindio regional para evaluar la naturaleza de las primeras ocupaciones en el área. Con la finalidad de caracterizar los patrones de uso de la tierra implementados por los primeros habitantes de la región se estudiaron los tipos de puntas de proyectiles, las herramientas de piedras que utilizaban y la distribución de sitios. Los resultados sugieren que ya circa 13.000 cal BP, los grupos de Clovis estaban familiarizados con el paisaje lítico y habitualmente utilizaban materiales locales. Las poblaciones paleoindias posteriores mantuvieron niveles relativamente constantes de ocupación durante la transición del Pleistoceno-Holoceno. Finalmente, la presencia de tecnologías líticas clásicas relacionadas con el Altiplano y las Grandes Cuencas, sugiere que la meseta central de Colorado fue parte de las primeras estrategias interregionales de uso de la tierra.

Keywords

PaleoindianColorado PlateauPleistocene-Holocene transitionland uselithic technological organizationPaleoindioMeseta de Coloradotransición del Pleistoceno-Holocenouso del sueloorganización tecnológica lítica
Type
Reports
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 85 , Issue 3 , July 2020 , pp. 573 - 590
Copyright
Copyright © 2020 by the Society for American Archaeology

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References

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