Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T22:48:27.896Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Human-Plant Mutualism and Niche Expression in the Paleoethnobotanical Record: A Middle Woodland Example

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Gary D. Crites
Gary D. Crites*
Affiliation:
Ethnobotany Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0720
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Analysis of Middle Woodland paleoethnobotanical assemblages from south-central Tennessee yielded evidence of variation and change in human and plant niche expression. A coevolutionary framework for understanding the mutually effective relations between human behavior and plant ecology and genetics is applied in an effort to explain why the Middle Woodland paleoethnobotanical record is expressed as it is. Focus upon a limited suite of taxa associated with secondary succession, cultivation, and domestication make clear the need to understand the ecology and morphology of taxa being considered, as well as the occupational history of the sites in question.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 52 , Issue 4 , October 1987 , pp. 725 - 740
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 1987

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References Cited

Asch, D. L., and Asch, N. B. 1977 Chenopod as Cultigen : A Re-evaluation of Some Prehistoric Collections from Eastern North America. Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology 2 : 3–45.Google Scholar
Asch, D. L., and Asch, N. B. 1982 A Chronology for the Development of Prehistoric Horticulture in Westcentral Illinois. Paper presented at the 47th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Minneapolis, Minnesota.Google Scholar
Asch, D. L., and Asch, N. B. 1985 Archeobotany. In Smiling Dan : Structure and Function at a Middle Woodland Settlement in the Illinois Valley, edited by Stafford, B. D. and Sant, M. B., pp. 327–401. Kampsville Archaeological Center Research Series, vol. 2. Center for American Archaeology, Kampsville, Illinois.Google Scholar
Asch, N. B., and Asch, D. L. 1975 Plant Remains from the Zimmerman Site— Grid A. A Quantitative Perspective. In The Zimmerman Site : Further Excavations at the Grand Village of Kaskaskia, edited by Brown, M. K., pp. 116–120. Report of Investigation 32. Illinois State Museum, Springfield, Illinois.Google Scholar
Asch, N. B., and Asch, D. L. 1985a Archeobotany. In Deer Track : A Late Woodland Village in the Mississippi Valley, edited by McGimsey, C. R. and Conner, M. D., pp. 44–117. Kampsville Archaeological Center Technical Report 1. Center for American Archaeology, Kampsville, Illinois.Google Scholar
Asch, N. B., and Asch, D. L. 1985b Archeobotany. In The Hill Creek Homestead and the Late Mississippian Settlement in the Lower Illinois Valley, edited by Conner, M. D., pp. 115–170. Kampsville Archaeological Center Research Series, vol. 1. Center For American Archaeology, Kampsville, Illinois.Google Scholar
Barbour, M. G., Burk, J. H., and Pitts, W. D. 1980 Terrestrial Plant Ecology. Benjamin/Cummings, Menlo Park, California.Google Scholar
Beglar, E. B., and Keating, R. W. 1979 Theoretical Goals and Methodological Realities : Problems in the Reconstruction of Prehistoric Subsistence Economies. World Archaeology 11 : 208–226.Google Scholar
Binford, L. R. 1980 Willow Smoke and Dogs’ Tails : Hunter-Gatherer Settlement Systems and Archaeological Site Formation. American Antiquity 45 : 4–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blalock, H. M. Jr., 1972 Social Statistics. McGraw-Hill, New York.Google Scholar
Butler, B. M. 1977 The Yearwood Site : A Specialized Middle Woodland Occupation on the Elk River. Tennessee Anthropologist 2 : 1–15.Google Scholar
Chapman, J., and Shea, A. B. 1981 The Archaeobotanical Record : Early Archaic Period to Contact in the Lower Little Tennessee River Valley. Tennessee Anthropologist 6 : 61–84.Google Scholar
Christenson, A. L. 1980 Change in Human Food Niche in Response to Population Growth. In Modeling Change in Prehistoric Subsistence Economies, edited by Earle, T. K. and Christenson, A. L., pp. 31–72. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Clarke, G. L. 1954 Elements of Ecology. John Wiley and Sons, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cobb, J. E. 1978 The Middle Woodlands Occupations of the Banks V Site, 40CF111. In Fifth Report of the Normandy Archaeological Project, edited by Faulkner, C. H. and C, M.. McCollough, R., pp. 71–327. Report of Investigations No. 20. Department of Anthropology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville.Google Scholar
Cobb, J. E. 1982 The Late Middle Woodland Occupation of the Eoff I Site (40CF32). In Eighth Report of the Normandy Archaeological Project, edited by Faulkner, C. H. and C, M.. McCollough, R., pp. 149–301. Report of Investigations No. 33. Department of Anthropology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville.Google Scholar
Cobb, J. E. 1985 Late Middle Woodland Settlement and Subsistence Patterns in the Eastern Highland Rim of South-Central Tennessee. Ph. D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan.Google Scholar
Cobb, J. E., and Faulkner, C. H. 1978 The Owl Hollow Project : Middle Woodland Settlement and Subsistence Patterns in the Eastern Highland Rim of Tennessee. Final Technical Report Submitted to the National Science Foundation in Accordance with the Requirements of Grant BNS 76-11266. Washington, D. C. Google Scholar
Cohen, M. N. 1977 The Food Crisis in Prehistory : Overpopulation and the Origins of Agriculture. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut.Google Scholar
Conard, N., Asch, D. L., Asch, N. B., Elmore, D., Gove, H., Rubins, M., Brown, J. A., Wiant, M. D., Farnsworth, K. B., and Cook, T. G. 1983 Prehistoric Horticulture in Illinois : Accelerator Radiocarbon Dating of the Evidence. Center for American Archaeology, Archaeobotanical Laboratory, Report No. 54. Nuclear Structure Laboratory, Rochester, New York.Google Scholar
Conard, N., Asch, D. L., Asch, N. B., Elmore, D., Gove, H., Rubins, M., Brown, J. A., Wiant, M. D., , K. B. 1984 Accelerator Radiocarbon Dating of Evidence for Prehistoric Horticulture in Illinois. Nature 308 : 443–446.Google Scholar
Cridlebaugh, P. 1984 American Indian and Euro-American Impact upon Holocene Vegetation in the Lower Little Tennessee River Valley, East Tennessee. Ph. D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan.Google Scholar
Crites, G. D. 1978a Paleoethnobotany of the Normandy Reservoir in the Upper Duck River Valley, Tennessee. Unpublished Master's thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville.Google Scholar
Crites, G. D. 1978b Plant Food Utilization Patterns During the Middle Woodland Owl Hollow Phase in Tennessee : A Preliminary Report. Tennessee Anthropologist 3 : 79–92.Google Scholar
Crites, G. D. 1979 Plant Use Patterns During the Middle Woodland Period in South-Central Tennessee : Changing Adaptation in the Eastern Highland Rim. Paper presented at the 36th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Archaeological Conference, Atlanta.Google Scholar
Crites, G. D. 1984 Middle Woodland Paleoethnobotany of the Eastern Highland Rim in Central Tennessee. Paper presented at the 5th Annual Mid-South Archaeological Conference, Pinson Mounds State Park, Tennessee.Google Scholar
Crites, G. D. 1985 Middle Woodland Paleoethnobotany of the Eastern Highland Rim of Tennessee : An Evolutionary Perspective on Change in Human-Plant Interaction. Ph. D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan.Google Scholar
Dennell, R. W. 1972 The Interpretation of Plant Remains : Bulgaria. In Papers in Economic Prehistory, edited by Higgs, E. S., pp. 149–159. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England.Google Scholar
Dennell, R. W. 1974 Botanical Evidence for Prehistoric Crop Processing Activities. Journal of the Archaeological Science 1 : 275–284.Google Scholar
Dennell, R. W. 1976 The Economic Importance of Plant Resources Represented on Archaeological Sites. Journal of Archaeological Science 3 : 229–247.Google Scholar
Dimbleby, G. W. 1978 Plants and Archaeology. Baker, London.Google Scholar
Dunn, M. E. 1983 Coquille Flora (Louisiana) : An Ethnobotanical Reconstruction. Economic Botany 37 : 349–359.Google Scholar
Du Vall, G. D. 1977 The Ewell III Site (40CF118) : An Early Middle Woodland McFarland Phase Site in the Normandy Reservoir, Coffee County, Tennessee. Unpublished Master's thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville.Google Scholar
Du Vall, G. D. 1982 The Ewell III Site (40CF118). In Seventh Report of the Normandy Archaeological Project, edited by Faulkner, C. H. and C, M.. McCollough, R., pp. 8–151. Report of Investigations No. 32. Department of Anthropology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville.Google Scholar
Earle, T. K. 1980 A Model of Subsistence Change. In Modeling Change in Prehistoric Subsistence Economies, edited by Earle, T. K. and Christenson, A. L., pp. 1–29. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Ehrlich, P. R., and Raven, P. H. 1964 Butterflies and Plants : A Study in Coevolution. Evolution 18 : 586–608.Google Scholar
Elton, C. S. 1927 Animal Ecology. Sidgwick and Jackson, London.Google Scholar
Faulkner, C. H. 1973 Middle Woodland Subsistence-Settlement Systems in the Highland Rim : A Commentary. In Salvage Archaeology at 40FR47, edited by Bacon, W. S. and Merryman, H. L., pp. 35–45. Miscellaneous Paper No. 11. Tennessee Archaeological Society.Google Scholar
Faulkner, C. H. 1977 The Winter House : An Early Southeast Tradition. Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology 2 : 141–159.Google Scholar
Faulkner, C. H. 1982 The McFarland Occupation at 40CF32 : Interpretations from the 1975 Field Season. In Eighth Report of the Normandy Archaeological Project, edited by Faulkner, C. H. and C, M.. McCollough, R., pp. 303–388. Report of Investigations No. 33. Department of Anthropology/University of Tennessee, Knoxville.Google Scholar
Faulkner, C. H. 1984 Middle Woodland Community and Settlement Patterns on the Eastern Highland Rim, Tennessee. Paper presented at the 5th Annual Mid-South Archaeological Conference, Pinson Mounds, Tennessee.Google Scholar
Faulkner, C. H., and McCollough, M. C. R., eds. 1974 Excavations and Testing, Normandy Reservoir Salvage Project : 1972 Seasons. Report of Investigations No. 12. Department of Anthropology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville.Google Scholar
Faulkner, C. H., and McCollough, M. C. R., eds. 1982 Seventh Report of the Normandy Archaeological Project. Report of Investigations No. 29. Department of Anthropology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville.Google Scholar
Ford, R. I. 1977 Evolutionary Ecology and the Evolution of Human Ecosystems : A Case Study from the Midwestern U. S. A. In Explanation of Prehistoric Change, edited by Hill, J. N., pp. 153–184. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.Google Scholar
Ford, R. I. 1979 Paleoethnobotany in American Archaeology. In Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory, vol. II, edited by Schiffer, M. B., pp. 285–336. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Gasser, R. E., and Adams, E. C. 1981 Aspects of Deterioration of Plant Remains in Archaeological Sites : The Walpi Archaeological Project. Journal of Ethnobiology 1 : 182–192.Google Scholar
Grinnell, J. 1917 The Niche Relationships of the California Thrasher. Auk 21 : 364–382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grinnell, J. 1928 The Presence and Absence of Animals. University of California Chronicle 30 : 429–450.Google Scholar
Hally, D. J. 1981 Plant Preservation and the Content of the Paleobotanical Samples : A Case Study. American Antiquity 46 : 723–742.Google Scholar
Harrington, J. F. 1972 Seed Storage and Longevity. In Seed Biology, vol. III, edited by Kozlowski, T. T., pp. 145–240. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Hassan, F. A. 1978 Demographic Archaeology. In Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory, vol. 1, edited by Schiffer, M. B., pp. 49–103. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Horn, H. S. 1974 The Ecology of Secondary Succession. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 5 : 25–37.Google Scholar
Hubbard, R. N. L. B. 1980 Development of Agriculture in Europe and the Near East : Evidence from Quantitative Studies. Economic Botany 34 : 51–67.Google Scholar
Hutchinson, G. E. 1951 Copepodology for the Ornithologist. Ecology 32 : 571–577.Google Scholar
Hutchinson, G. E. 1957 Concluding Remarks. Cold Spring Harbor Symposium. Quantitative Biology 22 : 415–427.Google Scholar
Hutchinson, G. E. 1961 The Paradox of Plankton. American Naturalist 95 : 137–145.Google Scholar
Johannessen, S. 1984 Paleoethnobotany. In American Bottom Archaeology : A Summary of the FAI-270 Archaeological Project, edited by Bareis, C. J. and Porter, J. W., pp. 197–214. University of Illinois Press, Urbana.Google Scholar
Justice, O. L., and Bass, Louis N. 1978 Principles and Practices of Seed Storage. United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook No. 506. Washington, D. C. Google Scholar
Keepax, C. 1977 Contamination of Archaeological Deposits by Seeds of Modern Origin with Particular Reference to the Use of Flotation Machines. Journal of Archaeological Science 4 : 221–229.Google Scholar
King, F. B., and Graham, R. W. 1981 Effects of Ecological and Paleoecological Patterns on Subsistence and Paleoenvironmental Reconstructions. American Antiquity 46 : 128–142.Google Scholar
Kline, G. W., Crites, G. D., and Faulkner, C. H. 1982 The McFarland Project : Early Middle Woodland Settlement and Subsistence in the Upper Duck River Valley in Tennessee. Miscellaneous Paper No. 8. Tennessee Anthropological Association.Google Scholar
Lewontin, R. C. 1978 Adaptation. Scientific American 239 : 212–230.Google Scholar
Lopinot, N. H., and Brussell, D. E. 1982 Assessing Uncarbonized Seeds from Open-Air Sites in Mesic Environments : An Example from Southern Illinois. Journal of Archaeological Science 9 : 95–108.Google Scholar
Mac Mahon, J. A. 1981 Successional Processes : Comparisons Among Biomes with Special Reference to Probable Roles and Influences of Animals. In Forest Succession Concepts and Application, edited by Shugart, H. H. and Botkin, D. B., pp. 277–304. Springer-Verlag, New York.Google Scholar
Marks, P. L. 1983 On the Origin of the Field Plants of the Northeastern United States. American Naturalist 122 : 210–228.Google Scholar
Odum, E. P. 1971 Fundamentals of Ecology. 3rd ed. Saunders, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Patten, B. C, and Gregor, T. Auble 1981 System Theory of the Ecological Niche. The American Naturalist 117 : 893–922.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pianka, E. R. 1976 Competition and Niche Theory. In Theoretical Ecology : Principles and Applications, edited by May, R. M., pp. 114–141. W. B. Saunders, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Pianka, E. R. 1978 Evolutionary Ecology. 2nd ed. Harper and Row, New York.Google Scholar
Pianka, E. R. 1983 Evolutionary Ecology. 3rd ed. Harper and Row, New York.Google Scholar
Putman, R. J., and Wratten, S. D. 1984 Principles of Ecology. University of California Press, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Rindos, D. 1984 The Origins of Agriculture : An Evolutionary Perspective. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Shea, A. B. 1977 Comparison of Middle Woodland and Early Mississippian Subsistence Patterns : Analysis of Plant Remains from an Archaeological Site in the Duck River Valley, Tennessee, Supplemented by the Potentially Exploitable Native Flora. Unpublished Master's thesis, Department of Botany, University of Tennessee, Rnoxville.Google Scholar
Shea, A. B. 1978 An Analysis of Plant Remains from the Middle Woodland and Mississippian Components on the Banks V Site and a Paleoethnobotanical Study of the Native Flora of the Upper Duck Valley. In Fifth Report of the Normandy Archaeological Project, edited by Faulkner, C. H. and C, M.. McCollough, R., pp. 596–699. Report of Investigations No. 20. Department of Anthropology, University of Tennessee, Rnoxville.Google Scholar
Smith, B. D. 1984 Chenopodium as a Prehistoric Domesticate in Eastern North America : Evidence from Russell Cave, Alabama. Science 226 : 165–167.Google Scholar
Smith, B. D. 1985 The Role of Chenopodium as a Domesticate in Pre-Maize Garden Systems of the Eastern United States. Southeastern Archaeology 4 : 51–72.Google Scholar
Smith, E. A. 1984 Anthropology, Evolutionary Ecology, and the Explanatory Limitations of the Ecosystem Concept. In The Ecosystem Concept in Anthropology, edited by Moran, E. F., pp. 51–85. Westview Press, Boulder, Colorado.Google Scholar
Tilman, D. 1985 The Resource-Ratio Hypothesis of Plant Succession. American Naturalist 125 : 827–852.Google Scholar
Wahl, H. A. 1954 A Preliminary Study of the Genus Chenopodium in North America. Bartonia 27 : 1–46.Google Scholar
Whittaker, R. H., and Levin, S. A. 1975 Niche : Theory and Application. Benchmark Papers in Ecology, vol. 3. Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania.Google Scholar
Whittaker, R. H., Levin, S. A., and Root, R. B. 1973 Niche, Habitat and Ecotype. The American Naturalist 107 : 321–338.Google Scholar
Wilson, H. D. 1980 Artificial Hybridization Among Species of Chenopodium sect. Chenopodium. Systematic Botany 5 : 263–273.Google Scholar
Wilson, H. D. 1981 Domesticated Chenopodium of the Ozark Bluff Dwellers. Economic Botany 35 : 233–239.Google Scholar
Wilson, H. D., and Heiser, C. B. 1979 The Origin and Evolutionary Relationships of ‘huauzontle’ ﹛ Chenopodium nuttalliae Safford), Domesticated chenopod of Mexico. American Journal of Botany 66 : 198–206.Google Scholar
Yarnell, R. A. 1982 Problems of Interpretation of Archaeological Plant Remains of the Eastern Woodlands. Southeastern Archaeology 1 : 1-7.Google Scholar