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A High Resolution Chronology for Steward’s Promontory Culture Collections, Promontory Point, Utah

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

John W. Ives ,
Duane G. Froese ,
Joel C. Janetski ,
Fiona Brock  and
Christopher Bronk Ramsey
John W. Ives
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada T6G 2H4 ([email protected])
Duane G. Froese
Affiliation:
Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada T6G 2E3 ([email protected])
Joel C. Janetski
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602 ([email protected])
Fiona Brock
Affiliation:
Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK OX1 3QY ([email protected], [email protected])
Christopher Bronk Ramsey
Affiliation:
Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, Dyson Perrins Building, South Parks Road, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK OX1 3QY ([email protected], [email protected])
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Abstract

Despite the rich array of perishables Julian Steward (1937) recovered during his 1930s excavations, the Promontory Cave assemblages were dated in relative terms with just a handful of radiocarbon assays until recently. Yet Promontory Caves 1 and 2 are the type sites from which the Promontory Culture was defined, and these assemblages have a critical bearing on our conception of three significant issues in western North American prehistory: the terminal Fremont transition, Numic expansion, and the potential presence of migrating ancestral Apachean populations. To better fix the age of the Promontory Phase, we have undertaken an additional 45 AMS determinations for Promontory perishables. Because of a research focus concerning Promontory footwear, most age estimates come from moccasins, but we have also dated gaming pieces, a bow, an arrow, netting, basketry, matting, and cordage. With the exception of a winnowing basket fragment and some ceramic residue dates, all Promontory Phase assays are tightly focused in an interval running from 662 to 826 radiocarbon years before present (a calibrated 2s range spanning A.D. 1166–1391). Bayesian analyses of the Cave 1 and 2 Promontory Phase perishables suggest that this late period occupation comprised one or two human generations, centering on the interval running from ca. A.D. 1250–1290.

Resumen

Resumen

A pesar de la colección rica de artefactos perecederos que recogió Julian Steward (1937) durante sus excavaciones en los años 1930, las colecciones de las cuevas Promontory hasta hoy fueron fechadas únicamente en términos relativos, con solamente unos cuantos de cálculos radiocarbónicos. No obstante, las cuevas Promontory 1 y 2 son los sitios tipos de lo que fue definida como la cultura Promontory y sus colecciones proveen informaciones clave para nuestro entendimiento de la prehistoria en el Oeste de América del Norte. En particular, se trata de la transición terminal de la cultura Fremont; la expansión de la populación Numic, y la posibilidad de la presencia de poblaciones Apachean migratorias. Para determinar más precisamente la edad del fase Promontory, hemos obtenido 45 fechas AMS más de los artefactos perecederos de la colección. Porque un foco de investigación era el calzado delfase Promontory, la mayor parte de las estimaciones de edad vienen de mocasines; pero también hemos fechado piezas de juego, un arco, una flecha, redes, cestería, esteras, y cordón. Con la excepción de un fragmento de una canasta para aventar, y algunas fechas del residuo en el interior de recipientes cerámicos, todas las fechas de los análisis de fase Promontory cayeron en el intervalo 662–826 años de radiocarbono antes del presente 14C yr BP (1166–1391 cal d.C). El análisis Bayesiano de los perecederos de las cuevas 1 y 2 delfase Promontory indica que esta ocupación del periodo tardío constaba de uno o dos generaciones humanos, en el intervalo de circa AD 1250-1290.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 79 , Issue 4 , October 2014 , pp. 616 - 637
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 2014

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