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Differing Patterns of Material Culture Intergroup Variation on the High Plains: Quantitative Analyses of Parfleche Characteristics VS. Moccasin Decoration

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Stephen J. Lycett
Stephen J. Lycett*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York (SUNY), Amherst, Buffalo, NY 14261 ([email protected])
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Abstract

Native American communities occupying the western Great Plains during the postcontact period exemplify the highly contingent relationships between artifactual data and cultural processes. Here, cultural evolutionary theory and quantitative analyses are used to approach this challenge. Two sets of artif actual products were examined: parfleche attributes and moccasin decorative features, both products of female craftswomen.A model of “isolation by distance “ drawn from population genetics is used as a baseline expectation. This model predicts that, all else being equal, between-group geographic relationships will correlate with intergroup patterns of artif actual variation. Linguistic affinity and known patterns of intertribe alliance and hostility were also examined. The analyses reveal the operation of differing degrees of social transmission and differing patterns of selective bias in each artif actual case. In the case of parfleches, their potential to act as visible signals led to a patterned distribution reflecting intertribe alliance and hostility. The analyses reiterate the necessity of a cultural evolutionary approach to material culture, not only because this method facilitates the requisite flexibility toward particular historical trajectories of artifactual lineages, but also because evolutionary principles provide a range of theoretical models and practical tools of analysis, which facilitate an empirical and quantitatively analytical approach to this problem.

Résumé

Résumé

Las comunidades Nativo Americanas que ocupaban elponiente de las Grandes Llanuras durante elperiodo de post-contacto ejemplifican las relaciones altamente contingentes entre los datos que tenemos sobre artefactos y varios procesos culturales. Aqui aplicamos teoria cultural evolutiva y andlisis cuantitativos para abordar este reto. Dos grupos de productos artefactuales fueron examinados: las características de parfleche y los decorados en mocasines, ambos productos elaborados por mujeres artesanas. Un modelo de “aislamiento por distancia “ obtenido de genética de poblaciones es utilizado como expectativa de referenda. Este modelo predice que las relaciones geográficas intergrupales correlacionan con los patrones de variation artefactual intergrupales. La afinidad lingüistica y los patrones conocidos de alianza y hostilidad intertribales fueron también examinados. Los andlisis revelan la operatión de los diferentes grados de transmision social y los diferentes patrones de influencia selectiva en cada grupo de artefactos. En el caso de parfleches, su potential para actuar como señales visibles lleva a una distributión de modelado que refleja la alianza y la hostilidad entre las tribus. Los análisis reiteran la necesidad de un abordaje cultural evolutivo a los objetos culturales, no sólo porque este método provee laflexibilidad necesaria para acercarse a las trayectorias históricas particulares de linajes artefactuales, pero también porque los principios evolutivos proveen una gama de modelos teóricos y de herramientas analíticas prácticas que facilitan el acercamiento empírico y cuantitativo a este problema.

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Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 80 , Issue 4 , July 2015 , pp. 714 - 731
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 2015

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